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Federated learning (FL) provides a distributed learning framework for multiple participants to collaborate learning without sharing raw data. In many practical FL scenarios, participants have heterogeneous resources due to disparities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Junyuan Hong , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou

Federated Learning is widely discussed as a distributed machine learning concept with stress on preserving data privacy. Various structures of Federated Learning were proposed. Centralized Federated learning for instance has been the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Amir Ali-Pour , Julien Gascon-Samson

Although Deep Learning (DL) methods becoming increasingly popular in vulnerability detection, their performance is seriously limited by insufficient training data. This is mainly because few existing software organizations can maintain a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Peiheng Zhou , Ming Hu , Xingrun Quan , Yawen Peng , Xiaofei Xie , Yanxin Yang , Chengwei Liu , Yueming Wu , Mingsong Chen

Federated learning (FL) refers to a distributed machine learning framework involving learning from several decentralized edge clients without sharing local dataset. This distributed strategy prevents data leakage and enables on-device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Taki Hasan Rafi , Faiza Anan Noor , Tahmid Hussain , Dong-Kyu Chae , Zhaohui Yang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy solution for collaborative distributed learning where clients train AI models directly on their devices instead of sharing their data with a centralized (potentially adversarial) server.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Haleh Hayati , Carlos Murguia , Nathan van de Wouw

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), deploying deep learning models to process data generated or collected by IoT devices is a critical challenge. However, direct data transmission can cause network congestion and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Hengliang Tang , Zihang Zhao , Detian Liu , Yang Cao , Shiqiang Zhang , Siqing You

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their raw data. However, the limited computation resources of the clients may result in a high delay and energy consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Chuiyang Meng , Ming Tang , Vincent W. S. Wong

Split learning (SL) is an emergent distributed learning framework which can mitigate the computation and wireless communication overhead of federated learning. It splits a machine learning model into a device-side model and a server-side…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Minsu Kim , Alexander DeRieux , Walid Saad

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling multiple clients to train a global model collaboratively without sharing their raw data. While FL enhances data privacy by design, it remains vulnerable…

Decentralized learning involves training machine learning models over remote mobile devices, edge servers, or cloud servers while keeping data localized. Even though many studies have shown the feasibility of preserving privacy, enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Minghui Xu , Zongrui Zou , Ye Cheng , Qin Hu , Dongxiao Yu , Xiuzhen Cheng

The decentralized Federated Learning (FL) paradigm built upon blockchain architectures leverages distributed node clusters to replace the single server for executing FL model aggregation. This paradigm tackles the vulnerability of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Hao Wang , Yichen Cai , Jun Wang , Chuan Ma , Chunpeng Ge , Xiangmou Qu , Lu Zhou

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been a promising paradigm for communicating and edge processing of data on the move. We aim to employ Federated Learning (FL) and prominent features of blockchain into MEC architecture such as connected…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Rongxin Xu , Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Qiujun Lan , Gang Li

Can we find a network architecture for ML model training so as to optimize training loss (and thus, accuracy) in Split Federated Learning (SFL)? And can this architecture also reduce training delay and communication overhead? While accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yiannis Papageorgiou , Yannis Thomas , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are two emerging collaborative learning methods that may greatly facilitate ubiquitous intelligence in Internet of Things (IoT). Federated learning enables machine learning (ML) models locally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Qiang Duan , Shijing Hu , Ruijun Deng , Zhihui Lu

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed learning paradigm with an added advantage of data privacy. With the growing interest in having collaboration among data owners, FL has gained significant attention of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Afsana Khan , Marijn ten Thij , Anna Wilbik

While Federated learning (FL) is attractive for pulling privacy-preserving distributed training data, the credibility of participating clients and non-inspectable data pose new security threats, of which poisoning attacks are particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Zizhen Liu , Weiyang He , Chip-Hong Chang , Jing Ye , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Split federated learning (SFL) is a compute-efficient paradigm in distributed machine learning (ML), where components of large ML models are outsourced to remote servers. A significant challenge in SFL, particularly when deployed over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Aladin Djuhera , Vlad C. Andrei , Xinyang Li , Ullrich J. Mönich , Holger Boche , Walid Saad

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative learning without directly sharing individual's raw data. FL can be implemented in either a centralized (server-based) or decentralized (peer-to-peer) manner. In this survey, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qiongxiu Li , Wenrui Yu , Yufei Xia , Jun Pang

Motivated by the heterogeneous nature of devices participating in large-scale Federated Learning (FL) optimization, we focus on an asynchronous server-less FL solution empowered by blockchain technology. In contrast to mostly adopted FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Francesc Wilhelmi , Lorenza Giupponi , Paolo Dini

Recently, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed machine learning (ML) technology, owing to the advancing computational and sensing capacities of end-user devices, however with the increasing concerns on users'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kang Wei , Jun Li , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Sha Wei , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Thilina Ranbaduge