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Multilingual data from the web is essential for LLM pretraining. Yet, scraping it is expensive, and research groups repeatedly crawl the same content. For example, we found that over 40\% of tokens across major Arabic web corpora are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sultan Alrashed , Francesco Orabona

Careful curation of data sources can significantly improve the performance of LLM pre-training, but predominant approaches rely heavily on intuition or costly trial-and-error, making them difficult to generalize across different data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Thomson Yen , Andrew Wei Tung Siah , Haozhe Chen , Tianyi Peng , Daniel Guetta , Hongseok Namkoong

Instruction tuning is crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the quality of instruction-following data varies significantly. While high-quality data is paramount, it is often scarce; conversely, abundant low-quality data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhijie Deng , Zhouan Shen , Ling Li , Yao Zhou , Zhaowei Zhu , Yanji He , Wei Wang , Jiaheng Wei

Domain reweighting can improve sample efficiency and downstream generalization, but data-mixture optimization for multimodal midtraining remains largely unexplored. Current multimodal training recipes tune mixtures along a single dimension,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bingbing Wen , Sirajul Salekin , Feiyang Kang , Bill Howe , Lucy Lu Wang , Javier Movellan , Manjot Bilkhu

We introduce MixtureKit, a modular open-source framework for constructing, training, and analyzing Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models from arbitrary pre-trained or fine-tuned models. MixtureKit currently supports three complementary methods:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ahmad Chamma , Omar El Herraoui , Guokan Shang

Recent work has shown the immense potential of synthetically generated datasets for training large language models (LLMs), especially for acquiring targeted skills. Current large-scale math instruction tuning datasets such as MetaMathQA (Yu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shubham Toshniwal , Ivan Moshkov , Sean Narenthiran , Daria Gitman , Fei Jia , Igor Gitman

In music source separation (MSS), obtaining isolated sources or stems is highly costly, making pre-training on unlabeled data a promising approach. Although source-agnostic unsupervised learning like mixture-invariant training (MixIT) has…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Kohei Saijo , Yoshiaki Bando

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Instruction-based video editing allows effective and interactive editing of videos using only instructions without extra inputs such as masks or attributes. However, collecting high-quality training triplets (source video, edited video,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Yuhui Wu , Liyi Chen , Ruibin Li , Shihao Wang , Chenxi Xie , Lei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in specialized fields such as finance, law, and medicine. However, in cybersecurity, we have noticed a lack of open-source datasets, with a particular lack of high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yao-Ching Yu , Tsun-Han Chiang , Cheng-Wei Tsai , Chien-Ming Huang , Wen-Kwang Tsao

Determining the optimal data mixture for large language model training remains a challenging problem with an outsized impact on performance. In practice, language model developers continue to rely on heuristic exploration since no…

Quality pretraining data is often seen as the key to high-performance language models. However, progress in understanding pretraining data has been slow due to the costly pretraining runs required for data selection experiments. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tristan Thrush , Christopher Potts , Tatsunori Hashimoto

State-of-the-art large language and vision models are trained over trillions of tokens that are aggregated from a large variety of sources. As training data collections grow, manually managing the samples becomes time-consuming, tedious,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Maximilian Böther , Xiaozhe Yao , Tolga Kerimoglu , Dan Graur , Viktor Gsteiger , Ana Klimovic

Effective toxic content detection relies heavily on high-quality and diverse data, which serve as the foundation for robust content moderation models. Synthetic data has become a common approach for training models across various NLP tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zheng Hui , Zhaoxiao Guo , Hang Zhao , Juanyong Duan , Lin Ai , Yinheng Li , Julia Hirschberg , Congrui Huang

Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training efficiency and downstream generalization under realistic compute and data budget…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhuo Chen , Yuxuan Miao , Supryadi , Deyi Xiong

Pretraining data of large language models composes multiple domains (e.g., web texts, academic papers, codes), whose mixture proportions crucially impact the competence of outcome models. While existing endeavors rely on heuristics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jiasheng Ye , Peiju Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Jun Zhan , Yunhua Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

In mathematical reasoning tasks, the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on high-quality training data with clearly defined and well-graded difficulty levels. However, existing data synthesis methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuchen Li , Jing Chen , Xuzhao Li , Hao Liang , Xiaohuan Zhou , Taifeng Wang , Wentao Zhang

Language model (LM) pretraining can learn various knowledge from text corpora, helping downstream tasks. However, existing methods such as BERT model a single document, and do not capture dependencies or knowledge that span across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Michihiro Yasunaga , Jure Leskovec , Percy Liang

High-resource languages such as English, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same can not be said for most other languages as LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , David Adelani , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

English, as a very high-resource language, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same cannot be said for most other languages, as leading LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp
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