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Large language models (LLMs) have been found to produce hallucinations when the question exceeds their internal knowledge boundaries. A reliable model should have a clear perception of its knowledge boundaries, providing correct answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi , Lulu Yu , Jiafeng Guo

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., statements unsupported by the input or training data, hindering reliable deployment. In parallel, numerous uncertainty estimation (UE) methods have been proposed to quantify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yedidia Agnimo , Anna Korba , Annabelle Blangero , Nicolas Chesneau , Karteek Alahari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating text that closely resemble human writing. However, they often generate factually incorrect statements, a problem typically referred to as 'hallucination'.…

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect outputs, known as hallucinations, which undermine their reliability in real-world applications. While uncertainty estimation has emerged as a promising strategy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

Recent research has shown that hallucinations, omissions, and biases are prevalent in everyday use-cases of LLMs. However, chatbots used in medical contexts must provide consistent advice in situations where non-medical factors are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jonathan Liu , Haoling Qiu , Jonathan Lasko , Damianos Karakos , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Mark Dredze

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at text manipulation -- tasks such as machine translation and text summarization. However, these models can also be prone to hallucination, which can be detrimental to the faithfulness of any answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Priyesh Vakharia , Devavrat Joshi , Meenal Chavan , Dhananjay Sonawane , Bhrigu Garg , Parsa Mazaheri

Recent work utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) for topic modeling, generating comprehensible topic labels for given documents. However, their performance has mainly been evaluated qualitatively, and there remains room for quantitative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Tomoki Doi , Masaru Isonuma , Hitomi Yanaka

Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination. We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Xiangyu Hong , Dayuan Fu , Yang Cheng , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Large language models (LLMs) have been noted to fabricate scholarly citations, yet the scope of this behavior across providers, domains, and prompting conditions remains poorly quantified. We present one of the largest citation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 MZ Naser

Hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the generation of content that is not faithful to the input or the real-world facts. This paper provides a rigorous treatment of hallucination in LLMs, including formal definitions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Esmail Gumaan

In the age of misinformation, hallucination - the tendency of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate non-factual or unfaithful responses - represents the main risk for their global utility. Despite LLMs becoming increasingly multilingual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Saad Obaid ul Islam , Anne Lauscher , Goran Glavaš

With the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs), hallucinations, which are non-factual fabrications in model outputs, have become serious concerns. Reasoning capabilities have received attention as a self-verification process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Junichiro Niimi

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Misinformation frequently spreads in user comments under online news articles, highlighting the need for effective methods to detect factually incorrect information. To strongly support or refute claims extracted from such comments, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Antonín Jarolím , Martin Fajčík , Lucia Makaiová

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable fluency across linguistic and reasoning tasks but remain systematically prone to hallucination. Prevailing accounts attribute hallucinations to data gaps, limited context, or optimization…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Ackermann , Simeon Emanuilov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced machine translation but remain vulnerable to hallucinations. Unfortunately, existing MT benchmarks are not capable of exposing failures in multilingual LLMs. To disclose hallucination in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xinwei Wu , Heng Liu , Jiang Zhou , Xiaohu Zhao , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Democratic opinion-forming may be manipulated if newspapers' alignment to political or economical orientation is ambiguous. Various methods have been developed to better understand newspapers' positioning. Recently, the advent of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to possess impressive capabilities, while also raising crucial concerns about the faithfulness of their responses. A primary issue arising in this context is the management of (un)answerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Aviv Slobodkin , Omer Goldman , Avi Caciularu , Ido Dagan , Shauli Ravfogel

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving to handle multi-turn tasks, but ensuring their trustworthiness remains a critical challenge. A fundamental pillar of this trustworthiness is calibration, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weihao Xuan , Qingcheng Zeng , Heli Qi , Yunze Xiao , Junjue Wang , Naoto Yokoya
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