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We introduce a causal framework for designing optimal policies that satisfy fairness constraints. We take a pragmatic approach asking what we can do with an action space available to us and only with access to historical data. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Limor Gultchin , Siyuan Guo , Alan Malek , Silvia Chiappa , Ricardo Silva

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

We study fairness in classification, where individuals are classified, e.g., admitted to a university, and the goal is to prevent discrimination against individuals based on their membership in some group, while maintaining utility for the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-11-30 Cynthia Dwork , Moritz Hardt , Toniann Pitassi , Omer Reingold , Rich Zemel

Linear models are widely used in high-stakes decision-making due to their simplicity and interpretability. Yet when fairness constraints such as demographic parity are introduced, their effects on model coefficients, and thus on how…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-17 Bertille Tierny , Arthur Charpentier , François Hu

Artificial-intelligence systems are becoming ubiquitous in society, yet their predictions typically inherit biases with respect to protected attributes such as race, gender, or age. Classical fairness notions, most notably Statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Filip Edström , Guilherme W. F. Barros , Tetiana Gorbach , Xavier de Luna

When using machine learning to aid decision-making, it is critical to ensure that an algorithmic decision is fair and does not discriminate against specific individuals/groups, particularly those from underprivileged populations. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yifei Wang , Zhengyang Zhou , Liqin Wang , John Laurentiev , Peter Hou , Li Zhou , Pengyu Hong

The deployment of machine learning in high-stakes domains requires a balance between predictive safety and algorithmic fairness. However, existing fairness interventions often as- sume unconstrained resources and employ group-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Moirangthem Tiken Singh , Amit Kalita , Sapam Jitu Singh

The use of machine learning (ML) in high-stakes societal decisions has encouraged the consideration of fairness throughout the ML lifecycle. Although data integration is one of the primary steps to generate high quality training data, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Sainyam Galhotra , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Prasanna Sattigeri , Kush R. Varshney

Machine learning actively impacts our everyday life in almost all endeavors and domains such as healthcare, finance, and energy. As our dependence on the machine learning increases, it is inevitable that these algorithms will be used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

Applications that deal with sensitive information may have restrictions placed on the data available to a machine learning (ML) classifier. For example, in some applications, a classifier may not have direct access to sensitive attributes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zachary McBride Lazri , Danial Dervovic , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Ivan Brugere , Dana Dachman-Soled , Min Wu

Classification, a heavily-studied data-driven machine learning task, drives an increasing number of prediction systems involving critical human decisions such as loan approval and criminal risk assessment. However, classifiers often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Maliha Tashfia Islam , Anna Fariha , Alexandra Meliou , Babak Salimi

Explicit and implicit bias clouds human judgement, leading to discriminatory treatment of minority groups. A fundamental goal of algorithmic fairness is to avoid the pitfalls in human judgement by learning policies that improve the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yuzi He , Keith Burghardt , Siyi Guo , Kristina Lerman

Predictive process monitoring focuses on forecasting future states of ongoing process executions, such as predicting the outcome of a particular case. In recent years, the application of machine learning models in this domain has garnered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jari Peeperkorn , Simon De Vos

We address the regression problem under the constraint of demographic parity, a commonly used fairness definition. Recent studies have revealed fair minimax optimal regression algorithms, the most accurate algorithms that adhere to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Kazuto Fukuchi

Discretizing raw features into bucketized attribute representations is a popular step before sharing a dataset. It is, however, evident that this step can cause significant bias in data and amplify unfairness in downstream tasks. In this…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Abolfazl Asudeh , Zeinab , Asoodeh , Bita Asoodeh , Omid Asudeh

The adoption of automated, data-driven decision making in an ever expanding range of applications has raised concerns about its potential unfairness towards certain social groups. In this context, a number of recent studies have focused on…

Group fairness definitions such as Demographic Parity and Equal Opportunity make assumptions about the underlying decision-problem that restrict them to classification problems. Prior work has translated these definitions to other machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jack Blandin , Ian Kash

Fairness of decision-making algorithms is an increasingly important issue. In this paper, we focus on spectral clustering with group fairness constraints, where every demographic group is represented in each cluster proportionally as in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Francesco Tonin , Alex Lambert , Johan A. K. Suykens , Volkan Cevher

The increasing usage of machine learning models in consequential decision-making processes has spurred research into the fairness of these systems. While significant work has been done to study group fairness in the in-processing and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-13 Xianli Zeng , Joshua Ward , Guang Cheng

Machine learning algorithms that aid human decision-making may inadvertently discriminate against certain protected groups. We formalize direct discrimination as a direct causal effect of the protected attributes on the decisions, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Przemyslaw Grabowicz , Nicholas Perello , Aarshee Mishra