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Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed as online services, requiring users to transmit detailed prompts to cloud servers. This raises significant privacy concerns. In response, we introduce ConfusionPrompt, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Peihua Mai , Youjia Yang , Ran Yan , Rui Ye , Yan Pang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world systems. Given their broader applicability, prompt engineering has become an efficient tool for resource-scarce organizations to adopt LLMs for their own purposes. At the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Piyush Jaiswal , Aaditya Pratap , Shreyansh Saraswati , Harsh Kasyap , Somanath Tripathy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

Recently, prompt tuning \cite{lester2021power} has gradually become a new paradigm for NLP, which only depends on the representation of the words by freezing the parameters of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to obtain remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Pan He , Yuxi Chen , Yan Wang , Yanru Zhang

Prompt engineering reduces reasoning mistakes in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness in mitigating vulnerabilities in LLM-generated code remains underexplored. To address this gap, we implemented a benchmark to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Marc Bruni , Fabio Gabrielli , Mohammad Ghafari , Martin Kropp

Efficiently fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific tasks presents a considerable challenge in natural language processing. Traditional methods, like prompt or prefix tuning, typically rely on arbitrary tokens for training,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Md. Kowsher , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Asif Mahmud , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language understanding tasks has made them popular for research in social sciences. To properly understand the properties and innate personas of LLMs, researchers have performed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bangzhao Shu , Lechen Zhang , Minje Choi , Lavinia Dunagan , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Dallas Card , David Jurgens

Recent advancements in text-to-image diffusion models have yielded impressive results in generating realistic and diverse images. However, these models still struggle with complex prompts, such as those that involve numeracy and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Long Lian , Boyi Li , Adam Yala , Trevor Darrell

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate text by transferring style attributes like formality resulting in formal or informal text. However, instructing LLMs to generate text that when spoken, is more intelligible in an acoustically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Anupama Chingacham , Miaoran Zhang , Vera Demberg , Dietrich Klakow

Recent research shows that pre-trained language models (PLMs) suffer from "prompt bias" in factual knowledge extraction, i.e., prompts tend to introduce biases toward specific labels. Prompt bias presents a significant challenge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Ziyang Xu , Keqin Peng , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiliang Lu

Model pruning, i.e., removing a subset of model weights, has become a prominent approach to reducing the memory footprint of large language models (LLMs) during inference. Notably, popular inference engines, such as vLLM, enable users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kazuki Egashira , Robin Staab , Thibaud Gloaguen , Mark Vero , Martin Vechev

This study investigates the reliability of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on identifying and analyzing defects in the generated code. Despite the advanced capabilities of LLMs in automating code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

This study targets a critical aspect of multi-modal LLMs' (LLMs&VLMs) inference: explicit controllable text generation. Multi-modal LLMs empower multi-modality understanding with the capability of semantic generation yet bring less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuechen Zhang , Shengju Qian , Bohao Peng , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

We introduce and study artificial impressions--patterns in LLMs' internal representations of prompts that resemble human impressions and stereotypes based on language. We fit linear probes on generated prompts to predict impressions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Nicholas Deas , Kathleen McKeown

Machine unlearning (MU) for large language models (LLMs), commonly referred to as LLM unlearning, seeks to remove specific undesirable data or knowledge from a trained model, while maintaining its performance on standard tasks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiwei Chen , Soumyadeep Pal , Yimeng Zhang , Qing Qu , Sijia Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread use in various applications due to their powerful capability to generate human-like text. However, prompt injection attacks, which involve overwriting a model's original instructions with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jiahao Yu , Yangguang Shao , Hanwen Miao , Junzheng Shi

Code smells indicate the potential problems of software quality so that developers can identify refactoring opportunities by detecting code smells. State-of-the-art approaches leverage heuristics, machine learning, and deep learning to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Haiyang Liu , Yang Zhang , Vidya Saikrishna , Quanquan Tian , Kun Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…