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In online revenue systems, e.g. an advertising system, budget pacing plays a critical role in ensuring that the spend aligns with desired financial objectives. Pacing systems dynamically control the velocity of spending to balance auction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Yichuan Niu , Jianhui Chen

Budget-management systems are one of the key components of modern auction markets. Internet advertising platforms typically offer advertisers the possibility to pace the rate at which their budget is depleted, through budget-pacing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Andrea Celli , Riccardo Colini-Baldeschi , Christian Kroer , Eric Sodomka

In online advertising markets, budget-constrained advertisers acquire ad placements through repeated bidding in auctions on various platforms. We present a strategy for bidding optimally in a set of auctions that may or may not be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Fransisca Susan , Negin Golrezaei , Okke Schrijvers

Budget pacing is a popular service that has been offered by major internet advertising platforms since their inception. Budget pacing systems seek to optimize advertiser returns subject to budget constraints by smoothly spending advertiser…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Santiago R. Balseiro , Kshipra Bhawalkar , Zhe Feng , Haihao Lu , Vahab Mirrokni , Balasubramanian Sivan , Di Wang

In this paper, we analyze a natural learning algorithm for uniform pacing of advertising budgets, equipped to adapt to varying ad sale platform conditions. On the demand side, advertisers face a fundamental technical challenge in automating…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-14 MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Max Springer

In targeted online advertising, advertisers look for maximizing campaign performance under delivery constraint within budget schedule. Most of the advertisers typically prefer to impose the delivery constraint to spend budget smoothly over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Jian Xu , Kuang-chih Lee , Wentong Li , Hang Qi , Quan Lu

In today's online advertising markets, a crucial requirement for an advertiser is to control her total expenditure within a time horizon under some budget. Among various budget control methods, throttling has emerged as a popular choice,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zhaohua Chen , Chang Wang , Qian Wang , Yuqi Pan , Zhuming Shi , Zheng Cai , Yukun Ren , Zhihua Zhu , Xiaotie Deng

Causally identifying the effect of digital advertising is challenging, because experimentation is expensive, and observational data lacks random variation. This paper identifies a pervasive source of naturally occurring, quasi-experimental…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-18 George Gui , Harikesh Nair , Fengshi Niu

Brand advertising plays a critical role in building long-term consumer awareness and loyalty, making it a key objective for advertisers across digital platforms. Although real-time bidding has been extensively studied, there is limited…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuanlong Chen , Bowen Zhu , Bing Xia , Yichuan Wang

Throttling is a popular method of budget management for online ad auctions in which the platform modulates the participation probability of an advertiser in order to smoothly spend her budget across many auctions. In this work, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Xi Chen , Christian Kroer , Rachitesh Kumar

Real-Time Bidding (RTB) is revolutionising display advertising by facilitating per-impression auctions to buy ad impressions as they are being generated. Being able to use impression-level data, such as user cookies, encourages user…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Jun Wang , Tianchi Zhu , Xiaofan Wang

Budget constraints are ubiquitous in online advertisement auctions. To manage these constraints and smooth out the expenditure across auctions, the bidders (or the platform on behalf of them) often employ pacing: each bidder is assigned a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Xi Chen , Christian Kroer , Rachitesh Kumar

As a cost-effective option for Cloud consumers, spot service has been considered to be a significant supplement for building a full-fledged market economy for the Cloud ecosystem. However, unlike the static and straightforward way of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Zheng Li , Maria Kihl , Anders Robertsson

Predictive Feedback Control is an easy-to-implement method to stabilize unknown unstable periodic orbits in chaotic dynamical systems. Predictive Feedback Control is severely limited because asymptotic convergence speed decreases with…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-03-17 Christian Bick , Christoph Kolodziejski , Marc Timme

Major Internet advertising platforms offer budget pacing tools as a standard service for advertisers to manage their ad campaigns. Given the inherent non-stationarity in an advertiser's value and also competing advertisers' values over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Santiago Balseiro , Rachitesh Kumar , Vahab Mirrokni , Balasubramanian Sivan , Di Wang

Ad platforms require reliable measurement of advertising returns: what increase in performance (such as clicks or conversions) can an advertiser expect in return for additional budget on the platform? Even from the perspective of the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-07-04 Johannes Hermle , Giorgio Martini

Stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in a chaotic invariant set not only reveals information about its structure but also leads to various interesting applications. For the successful application of a chaos control scheme, convergence speed…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-10 Christian Bick , Marc Timme , Christoph Kolodziejski

Today's top advertisers typically manage hundreds of campaigns simultaneously and consistently launch new ones throughout the year. A crucial challenge for marketing managers is determining the optimal allocation of limited budgets across…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-04 Lin Ge , Yang Xu , Jianing Chu , David Cramer , Fuhong Li , Kelly Paulson , Rui Song

In online advertising, advertisers commonly utilize auto-bidding services to bid for impression opportunities. A typical objective of the auto-bidder is to optimize the advertiser's cumulative value of winning impressions within specified…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhijian Duan , Yusen Huo , Tianyu Wang , Zhilin Zhang , Yeshu Li , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiaotie Deng

A typical real-time ad-serving funnel comprises ad targeting, conversion modeling (e.g., click-through rate prediction), budget pacing (bidding), and auction processes. While there is a wealth of research and articles on ad targeting and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yuanlong Chen
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