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We study domain walls (DWs) arising in field theories where $Z_2$-symmetry is spontaneously broken by a scalar expectation value decreasing proportionally to the Universe temperature. The energy density of such melting DWs redshifts…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-27 I. Dankovsky , S. Ramazanov , E. Babichev , D. Gorbunov , A. Vikman

Employing the publicly available CosmoLattice code, we conduct numerical simulations of a domain wall network and the resulting gravitational waves (GWs) in a radiation-dominated Universe in the $Z_2$-symmetric scalar field model. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-20 I. Dankovsky , E. Babichev , D. Gorbunov , S. Ramazanov , A. Vikman

Domain wall networks in the early universe, formed upon spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry, have a rich impact on cosmology. Yet, they remain somewhat unexplored. We introduce a new analytic strategy to understand better the domain…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-05 Oriol Pujolas , George Zahariade

Domain walls (DWs) can be produced when a discrete symmetry is spontaneously broken, and long-lived DWs can dominate the energy density of the universe. In this work, we explore the possibility that a "domain wall dominant (DWD)" phase…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 Sungwoo Hong , Sung Mook Lee , Qiuyue Liang

We study the evolution of domain wall networks and their phenomenological implications in a model of a real scalar $\chi$, where a $Z_2$-symmetry is slightly broken by a potential bias $V_{bias}$. It is demonstrated that the latter triggers…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-29 E. Babichev , I. Dankovsky , D. Gorbunov , S. Ramazanov , A. Vikman

Domain wall annihilation can leave a distinctive imprint on the induced gravitational wave spectrum. During annihilation, most of the domain wall energy transforms into the scalar field responsible for the initial $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-29 Rishav Roshan

Domain walls are topological defects that may have formed in the early Universe through the spontaneous breakdown of discrete symmetries, and can be a strong source of gravitational waves (GWs). We perform 3D lattice field theory…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-21 Simone Blasi , Alberto Mariotti , Aäron Rase , Miguel Vanvlasselaer

Cosmological domain walls appear in many well-motivated extensions to the standard model of particle physics. If produced, they quickly enter into a self-similar scaling regime, where they are capable of efficiently sourcing a stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-04 Bryce Cyr , Steven Cotterill , Richard Battye

Domain wall (DW) networks have a large impact on cosmology and present interesting dynamics that can be controlled by various scaling regimes. In the first stage after spontaneous breaking of the discrete symmetry, the network is seeded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-02 Mainak Mukhopadhyay , Oriol Pujolas , George Zahariade

Domain walls form at phase transitions which break discrete symmetries. In a cosmological context they often overclose the universe (contrary to observational evidence), although one may prevent this by introducing biases or forcing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-28 J. R. C. C. C. Correia , I. S. C. R. Leite , C. J. A. P. Martins

Networks of cosmic domain walls can form in the early Universe as a consequence of the spontaneous breaking of discrete symmetries. We study the production of a cosmological background of gravitational waves (GWs) from such networks, when…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-18 Alessio Notari , Fabrizio Rompineve , Francisco Torrenti

In this paper, we study the compatibility of biased domain wall scenarios with current gravitational wave data. We show that the Cosmic Microwave Background bounds on the fractional density of gravitational waves at the time of decoupling…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-05 D. Grüber , P. P. Avelino , L. Sousa

We study the formation and evolution of domain walls with initial inflationary fluctuations by numerical lattice calculations that, for the first time, correctly take into account correlations on superhorizon scales. We find that, contrary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-28 Diego Gonzalez , Naoya Kitajima , Fuminobu Takahashi , Wen Yin

Our main interest is the evolution of domain walls of the Higgs field in the early Universe. The aim of this paper is to understand how dynamics of Higgs domain walls could be influenced by yet unknown interactions from beyond the Standard…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-05-16 Tomasz Krajewski , Zygmunt Lalak , Marek Lewicki , Paweł Olszewski

The spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry can lead to the formation of domain walls in the early Universe. In this work, we explore the impact of bias directions on the dynamics of $Z_N$ domain walls, mainly focusing on the $N = 3$…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-10 Yuan-Jie Li , Jing Liu , Zong-Kuan Guo

We study the evolution of domain wall networks appearing after phase transitions in the early Universe. They exhibit interesting dynamical scaling behaviour which is not yet well understood, and are also simple models for the more…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Theodore Garagounis , Mark Hindmarsh

We study the role of domain walls and their relics in the very early Universe within the framework of the mode-matching technique. Domain walls formed during the spontaneous breaking of discrete symmetries are modelled as a short lived…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 K. K. Venkataratnam

In this contribution, we discuss the cosmological scenario where unstable domain walls are formed in the early universe and their late-time annihilation produces a significant amount of gravitational waves. After describing cosmological…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-05-09 Ken'ichi Saikawa

We revisit the cosmological evolution of domain wall networks, taking advantage of recent improvements in computing power. We carry out high-resolution field theory simulations in two, three and four spatial dimensions to study the effects…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 A. M. M. Leite , C. J. A. P. Martins

We study the cosmological evolution of domain wall networks in two and three spatial dimensions in the radiation and matter eras using a large number of high-resolution field theory simulations with a large dynamical range. We investigate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 P. P. Avelino , J. C. R. E. Oliveira , C. J. A. P. Martins
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