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Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

Evaluating Text Style Transfer (TST) is a complex task due to its multifaceted nature. The quality of the generated text is measured based on challenging factors, such as style transfer accuracy, content preservation, and overall fluency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Phil Ostheimer , Mayank Nagda , Marius Kloft , Sophie Fellenz

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable flexibility: they can adapt to novel tasks from in-context examples without any parameter updates, a capability known as in-context learning (ICL). Prior work on synthetic tasks has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

Visual-language models (VLMs) have recently been introduced in robotic mapping using the latent representations, i.e., embeddings, of the VLMs to represent semantics in the map. They allow moving from a limited set of human-created labels…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Matti Pekkanen , Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Francesco Verdoja , Ville Kyrki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled new ways to satisfy information needs. Although great strides have been made in applying them to settings like document ranking and short-form text generation, they still struggle to compose…

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Evaluating the quality of text generated by large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge. Traditional metrics often fail to align well with human judgments, particularly in tasks requiring creativity and nuance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Jayr Pereira , Andre Assumpcao , Roberto Lotufo

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in other domains has raised the question of whether LLMs can reliably assess and manipulate the readability of text. We approach this question empirically. First, using a published corpus of 4,724…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sean Trott , Pamela D. Rivière

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive capabilities, but are prone to outputting falsehoods. Recent work has developed techniques for inferring whether a LLM is telling the truth by training probes on the LLM's internal activations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Samuel Marks , Max Tegmark

Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where reliability matters, yet output-level uncertainty signals such as token probabilities, entropy, and self-consistency can become brittle under calibration--deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yanli Wang , Peng Kuang , Xiaoyu Han , Kaidi Xu , Haohan Wang

Evaluating personalized text generated by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, as only the LLM user, i.e., prompt author, can reliably assess the output, but re-engaging the same individuals across studies is infeasible. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Alireza Salemi , Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

We present a new approach for benchmarking Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities on research-level mathematics. Existing benchmarks largely rely on static, hand-curated sets of contest or textbook-style problems as proxies for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Antoine Peyronnet , Fabian Gloeckle , Amaury Hayat

This study presents a framework for automated evaluation of dynamically evolving topic taxonomies in scientific literature using Large Language Models (LLMs). In digital library systems, topic modeling plays a crucial role in efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced traditional evaluation methodologies. This progress presents novel challenges, such as measuring human-like psychological constructs, moving beyond static and task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoran Ye , Jing Jin , Yuhang Xie , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Generating unbiased summaries in real-world settings such as political perspective summarization remains a crucial application of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet, existing evaluation frameworks rely on traditional metrics for measuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Narutatsu Ri , Nicholas Deas , Kathleen McKeown

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) faces a critical challenge in construct validity, where fragmented benchmarks and ad hoc metrics frequently conflate method variance, such as prompt sensitivity, with true latent capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Adib Sakhawat , Tahsin Islam , Takia Farhin , Syed Rifat Raiyan , Hasan Mahmud , Md Kamrul Hasan

The use of large language models (LLMs) for evaluating outputs is becoming an increasingly effective and scalable approach. However, it remains uncertain whether this capability extends beyond task-specific evaluations to more general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Ameeta Agrawal

This paper introduces a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) for machine translation (MT). We start with one conjecture: an ideal translation should contain complete and accurate information for a strong enough LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jianqiao Wangni

Language models exhibit strong robustness to paraphrasing, suggesting that semantic information may be encoded through stable internal representations, yet the structure and origin of such invariance remain unclear. We propose a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Agnibh Dasgupta , Abdullah Tanvir , Xin Zhong

This paper surveys evaluation techniques to enhance the trustworthiness and understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). As reliance on LLMs grows, ensuring their reliability, fairness, and transparency is crucial. We explore algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nik Bear Brown