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Existing visual reasoning datasets such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), often suffer from biases conditioned on the question, image or answer distributions. The recently proposed CLEVR dataset addresses these limitations and requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Ning Xie , Farley Lai , Derek Doran , Asim Kadav

Current visual question answering (VQA) tasks mainly consider answering human-annotated questions for natural images. However, aside from natural images, abstract diagrams with semantic richness are still understudied in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Jiaqi Chen , Tony Xia , Yizhou Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhou Yu , Xiaodan Liang , Song-Chun Zhu

The evaluation of text-generative vision-language models is a challenging yet crucial endeavor. By addressing the limitations of existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks and proposing innovative evaluation methodologies, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Simon Ging , María A. Bravo , Thomas Brox

Establishing a clear link between model predictions and the visual evidence that supports them is critical for transparency and reliability in multimodal reasoning, yet current multimodal large language model (MLLM) evaluations do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mozhgan Nasr Azadani , Yimu Wang , Yongpeng Zhu , Lihong Chen , Milan Ganai , Sean Sedwards , Marco Pavone , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at complex visual tasks such as VQA and chart understanding, yet recent work suggests they struggle with simple perceptual tests. We present an evaluation of vision-language models' capacity for nonlocal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shmuel Berman , Jia Deng

This paper proposes to improve visual question answering (VQA) with structured representations of both scene contents and questions. A key challenge in VQA is to require joint reasoning over the visual and text domains. The predominant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Damien Teney , Lingqiao Liu , Anton van den Hengel

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

Current multimodal benchmarks often conflate reasoning with domain-specific knowledge, making it difficult to isolate and evaluate general reasoning abilities in non-expert settings. To address this, we introduce VisualPuzzles, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yueqi Song , Tianyue Ou , Yibo Kong , Zecheng Li , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive abilities in understanding and reasoning over conventional images. However, their perception of 360{\deg} images remains largely underexplored. Unlike conventional images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Huyen T. T. Tran , Van-Quang Nguyen , Farros Alferro , Kang-Jun Liu , Takayuki Okatani

While traditional computer vision models have historically struggled to generalize to endoscopic domains, the emergence of foundation models has shown promising cross-domain performance. In this work, we present the first large-scale study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Leon Mayer , Tim Rädsch , Dominik Michael , Lucas Luttner , Amine Yamlahi , Evangelia Christodoulou , Patrick Godau , Marcel Knopp , Annika Reinke , Fiona Kolbinger , Lena Maier-Hein

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense capabilities in understanding textual data and are increasingly being adopted to help researchers accelerate scientific discovery through knowledge extraction (information retrieval),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Robinson Umeike , Neil Getty , Fangfang Xia , Rick Stevens

Current visual question answering (VQA) models tend to be trained and evaluated on image-question pairs in isolation. However, the questions people ask are dependent on their informational needs and prior knowledge about the image content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Nandita Shankar Naik , Christopher Potts , Elisa Kreiss

Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and cyclists, is a critical challenge for autonomous driving systems, as crashes involving VRUs often result in severe or fatal consequences. While multimodal large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Younggun Kim , Ahmed S. Abdelrahman , Mohamed Abdel-Aty

In this work, we introduce VQA 360, a novel task of visual question answering on 360 images. Unlike a normal field-of-view image, a 360 image captures the entire visual content around the optical center of a camera, demanding more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Shih-Han Chou , Wei-Lun Chao , Wei-Sheng Lai , Min Sun , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel on benchmark vision-language tasks, yet little is known about how input visual quality shapes their responses. Does higher perceptual quality of images already translate to better MLLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shuo Xing , Lanqing Guo , Hongyuan Hua , Seoyoung Lee , Peiran Li , Yufei Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Zhengzhong Tu

Vision-language models (VLMs) hold promise for enhancing visualization tools, but effective human-AI collaboration hinges on a shared perceptual understanding of visual content. Prior studies assessed VLM visualization literacy through…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Péter Ferenc Gyarmati , Manfred Klaffenböck , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller

The complex compositional structure of language makes problems at the intersection of vision and language challenging. But language also provides a strong prior that can result in good superficial performance, without the underlying models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Peng Zhang , Yash Goyal , Douglas Summers-Stay , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh

Counting the number of items in a visual scene remains a fundamental yet challenging task in computer vision. Traditional approaches to solving this problem rely on domain-specific counting architectures, which are trained using datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kuinan Hou , Jing Mi , Marco Zorzi , Lamberto Ballan , Alberto Testolin