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Xmodel-2 is a 1.2-billion-parameter large language model designed specifically for reasoning tasks. Its architecture enables different model scales to share a unified set of hyperparameters, allowing for extensive experimentation on smaller…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wang Qun , Liu Yang , Lin Qingquan , Qu Zhijiu , Jiang Ling

The advent of instruction-tuned Large Language Models designed for coding tasks (Code LLMs) has transformed software engineering practices. However, their robustness against various input challenges remains a critical concern. This study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Md Imran Hossen , Xiali Hei

Agents equipped with search tools have emerged as effective solutions for knowledge-intensive tasks. While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost limits practical deployment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yizhou Liu , Qi Sun , Yulin Chen , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao

There is a growing need for better development methods and tools to keep up with the increasing complexity of new software systems. New types of user interfaces, the need for intelligent components, sustainability concerns, ... bring new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Jordi Cabot

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

Agentic modeling aims to transform LLMs into autonomous agents capable of solving complex tasks through planning, reasoning, tool use, and multi-turn interaction with environments. Despite major investment, open research remains constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Baolin Peng , Wenlin Yao , Qianhui Wu , Hao Cheng , Xiao Yu , Rui Yang , Tao Ge , Alessandro Sordoni , Xingdi Yuan , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Tong Zhang , Zhou Yu , Jianfeng Gao

Early-stage engineering design involves complex, iterative reasoning, yet existing large language model (LLM) workflows struggle to maintain task continuity and generate executable models. We evaluate whether a structured multi-agent system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Soheyl Massoudi , Mark Fuge

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-domain dialogues. However, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in service dialogues, as they rely on noisy, low-quality human conversation data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuqin Dai , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Jie Wang , Zichen Luo , Jinpeng Wang , Yujie Wang , Ruiyuan Wu , Chaozheng Wang

We consider a multi-agent system where agents compete for the access to the radio resource. By combining some application-level parameters, such as the resilience, with a knowledge of the radio environment, we propose a new way of modeling…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jean-Christophe Sibel , Nicolas Gresset , Vincent Corlay

The rise of (multimodal) large language models (LLMs) has shed light on software agent -- where software can understand and follow user instructions in natural language. However, existing approaches such as API-based and GUI-based agents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mengwei Xu

We introduce DISTAL, a compiler for dense tensor algebra that targets modern distributed and heterogeneous systems. DISTAL lets users independently describe how tensors and computation map onto target machines through separate format and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Rohan Yadav , Alex Aiken , Fredrik Kjolstad

Transformer based language models (LMs) demonstrate increasing performance with scale across a wide variety of tasks. Scale alone however cannot enable models to solve tasks that require access to ephemeral, changing, or private data that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Aaron Parisi , Yao Zhao , Noah Fiedel

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning abilities, while smaller models (<= 3B parameters) significantly underperform on multi-step reasoning tasks. Based on empirical analyses of the Qwen-2.5 model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang Ouyang , Shuhang Lin , Jung-Eun Kim

Developers use logging statements to create logs that document system behavior and aid in software maintenance. As such, high-quality logging is essential for effective maintenance; however, manual logging often leads to errors and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Renyi Zhong , Yichen Li , Guangba Yu , Wenwei Gu , Jinxi Kuang , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in function-level code generation, yet repository-level software engineering tasks remain challenging. Current solutions predominantly rely on proprietary LLM agents, which…

Agent based modelling is a computational approach that aims to understand the behaviour of complex systems through simplified interactions of programmable objects in computer memory called agents. Agent based models (ABMs) are predominantly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Renu Solanki , Monisha Khanna , Shailly Anand , Anita Gulati , Prateek Kumar , Munendra Kumar , Dushyant Kumar

Large Language Model (LLM) based coding tools have been tremendously successful as software development assistants, yet they are often designed for general purpose programming tasks and perform poorly for more specialized domains such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Aman Chaturvedi , Daniel Nichols , Siddharth Singh , Abhinav Bhatele

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

We find that, simply via a sampling-and-voting method, the performance of large language models (LLMs) scales with the number of agents instantiated. Also, this method, termed as Agent Forest, is orthogonal to existing complicated methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Junyou Li , Qin Zhang , Yangbin Yu , Qiang Fu , Deheng Ye

This study focuses on using large language models (LLMs) as a planner for embodied agents that can follow natural language instructions to complete complex tasks in a visually-perceived environment. The high data cost and poor sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Chan Hee Song , Jiaman Wu , Clayton Washington , Brian M. Sadler , Wei-Lun Chao , Yu Su