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Related papers: Devstral: Fine-tuning Language Models for Coding A…

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Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models, their substantial computational costs, latency, and privacy risks hinder their widespread deployment in real-world applications. Small Language Models (SLMs) with fewer than 10…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinlin Wang , Mats Brorsson

Small language models (SLMs; 1-12B params, sometimes up to 20B) are sufficient and often superior for agentic workloads where the objective is schema- and API-constrained accuracy rather than open-ended generation. We synthesize recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta

Agent Skill framework, now widely and officially supported by major players such as GitHub Copilot, LangChain, and OpenAI, performs especially well with proprietary models by improving context engineering, reducing hallucinations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yangjie Xu , Lujun Li , Lama Sleem , Niccolo Gentile , Yewei Song , Yiqun Wang , Siming Ji , Wenbo Wu , Radu State

We introduce Youtu-LLM, a lightweight yet powerful language model that harmonizes high computational efficiency with native agentic intelligence. Unlike typical small models that rely on distillation, Youtu-LLM (1.96B) is pre-trained from…

As large language models become integral to agentic artificial intelligence systems, their energy demands during inference may pose significant sustainability challenges. This study investigates whether deploying smaller-scale language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Anh Khoa Ngo Ho , Martin Chauvin , Simon Gosset , Philippe Cordier , Boris Gamazaychikov

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced code generation from single-function tasks to competitive-programming problems, but existing multi-agent solutions either rely on costly large-scale (>30B) models or collapse when downsized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Woongkyu Lee , Junhee Cho , Jungwook Choi

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

In this paper, we delve into the advancement of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) with a focus on their application in software development. We introduce DevAssistLlama, a model developed through instruction tuning, to assist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Somnath Banerjee , Avik Dutta , Sayan Layek , Amruit Sahoo , Sam Conrad Joyce , Rima Hazra

Recent progress in language modeling has largely relied on scaling model size, yet larger models do not reliably improve performance on tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and tool use. Multi-agent collaboration offers a potential…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Agata Żywot , Xinyi Chen , Yifei Yuan , Anders Søgaard , Maarten de Rijke

Multi-agent systems with smaller language models (SLMs) present a viable alternative to single agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) for addressing complex problems. In this work, we study how these alternatives compare in…

Using multiple agents was found to improve the debugging capabilities of Large Language Models. However, increasing the number of LLM-agents has several drawbacks such as increasing the running costs and rising the risk for the agents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada , Haifa Touati

Large Action models are essential for enabling autonomous agents to perform complex tasks. However, training such models remains challenging due to the diversity of agent environments and the complexity of noisy agentic data. Existing…

We present Voxtral Mini and Voxtral Small, two multimodal audio chat models. Voxtral is trained to comprehend both spoken audio and text documents, achieving state-of-the-art performance across a diverse range of audio benchmarks, while…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Alexander H. Liu , Andy Ehrenberg , Andy Lo , Clément Denoix , Corentin Barreau , Guillaume Lample , Jean-Malo Delignon , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Patrick von Platen , Pavankumar Reddy Muddireddy , Sanchit Gandhi , Soham Ghosh , Srijan Mishra , Thomas Foubert , Abhinav Rastogi , Adam Yang , Albert Q. Jiang , Alexandre Sablayrolles , Amélie Héliou , Amélie Martin , Anmol Agarwal , Antoine Roux , Arthur Darcet , Arthur Mensch , Baptiste Bout , Baptiste Rozière , Baudouin De Monicault , Chris Bamford , Christian Wallenwein , Christophe Renaudin , Clémence Lanfranchi , Darius Dabert , Devendra Singh Chaplot , Devon Mizelle , Diego de las Casas , Elliot Chane-Sane , Emilien Fugier , Emma Bou Hanna , Gabrielle Berrada , Gauthier Delerce , Gauthier Guinet , Georgii Novikov , Guillaume Martin , Himanshu Jaju , Jan Ludziejewski , Jason Rute , Jean-Hadrien Chabran , Jessica Chudnovsky , Joachim Studnia , Joep Barmentlo , Jonas Amar , Josselin Somerville Roberts , Julien Denize , Karan Saxena , Karmesh Yadav , Kartik Khandelwal , Kush Jain , Lélio Renard Lavaud , Léonard Blier , Lingxiao Zhao , Louis Martin , Lucile Saulnier , Luyu Gao , Marie Pellat , Mathilde Guillaumin , Mathis Felardos , Matthieu Dinot , Maxime Darrin , Maximilian Augustin , Mickaël Seznec , Neha Gupta , Nikhil Raghuraman , Olivier Duchenne , Patricia Wang , Patryk Saffer , Paul Jacob , Paul Wambergue , Paula Kurylowicz , Philomène Chagniot , Pierre Stock , Pravesh Agrawal , Rémi Delacourt , Romain Sauvestre , Roman Soletskyi , Sagar Vaze , Sandeep Subramanian , Saurabh Garg , Shashwat Dalal , Siddharth Gandhi , Sumukh Aithal , Szymon Antoniak , Teven Le Scao , Thibault Schueller , Thibaut Lavril , Thomas Robert , Thomas Wang , Timothée Lacroix , Tom Bewley , Valeriia Nemychnikova , Victor Paltz , Virgile Richard , Wen-Ding Li , William Marshall , Xuanyu Zhang , Yihan Wan , Yunhao Tang

Large Language Model(LLM) inference demands massive compute and energy, making domain-specific tasks expensive and unsustainable. As foundation models keep scaling, we ask: Is bigger always better for hardware design? Our work tests this by…

Small language models are increasingly viewed as a promising, cost-effective approach to agentic AI, with proponents claiming they are sufficiently capable for agentic workflows. However, while smaller agents can closely match larger ones…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lisa Alazraki , William F. Shen , Yoram Bachrach , Akhil Mathur

Large Language Models (LLMs) are distinguished by their architecture, which dictates their parameter size and performance capabilities. Social scientists have increasingly adopted LLMs for text classification tasks, which are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marcello Carammia , Stefano Maria Iacus , Giuseppe Porro

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive quality when applied to predictive tasks such as relevance ranking and semantic search. However, deployment of such LLMs remains prohibitively expensive for industry applications…

Software development agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in automating tasks like environment setup, issue solving, and program repair. Unfortunately, understanding and debugging such agents remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Robert Hutter , Michael Pradel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

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