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Recent image generative models typically capture the image distribution in a pre-constructed latent space, relying on a frozen image tokenizer. However, there exists a significant discrepancy between the reconstruction and generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Kai Qiu , Xiang Li , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Xiaohao Xu , Jiuxiang Gu , Yinyi Luo , Bhiksha Raj , Zhe Lin , Marios Savvides

Latent generative models have emerged as a leading approach for high-quality image synthesis. These models rely on an autoencoder to compress images into a latent space, followed by a generative model to learn the latent distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Theodoros Kouzelis , Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Spyros Gidaris , Nikos Komodakis

Image tokenization has significantly advanced visual generation and multimodal modeling, particularly when paired with autoregressive models. However, current methods face challenges in balancing efficiency and fidelity: high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Qingsong Xie , Zhao Zhang , Zhe Huang , Yanhao Zhang , Haonan Lu , Zhenyu Yang

Vision-language models, such as CLIP, have achieved significant success in aligning visual and textual representations, becoming essential components of many multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) like LLaVA and OpenFlamingo. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shizhan Gong , Yankai Jiang , Qi Dou , Farzan Farnia

This paper presents a family of advanced vision encoder, named OpenVision 3, that learns a single, unified visual representation that can serve both image understanding and image generation. Our core architecture is simple: we feed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Letian Zhang , Sucheng Ren , Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Huaxiu Yao , Zeyu Zheng , Weili Nie , Guilin Liu , Zhiding Yu , Cihang Xie

Image encoders, a fundamental component of vision-language models (VLMs), are typically pretrained independently before being aligned with a language model. This standard paradigm results in encoders that process images agnostically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Xiaochuang Han , Bhuwan Dhingra , Emily Dinan , Maha Elbayad

Visual autoregressive (AR) generation offers a promising path toward unifying vision and language models, yet its performance remains suboptimal against diffusion models. Prior work often attributes this gap to tokenizer limitations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Qiyuan He , Yicong Li , Haotian Ye , Jinghao Wang , Xinyao Liao , Pheng-Ann Heng , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Angela Yao

In recent years, general visual foundation models (VFMs) have witnessed increasing adoption, particularly as image encoders for popular multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). However, without semantically fine-grained supervision, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tongkun Guan , Zining Wang , Pei Fu , Zhengtao Guo , Wei Shen , Kai Zhou , Tiezhu Yue , Chen Duan , Hao Sun , Qianyi Jiang , Junfeng Luo , Xiaokang Yang

This paper presents the \textbf{S}emantic-a\textbf{W}ar\textbf{E} spatial-t\textbf{E}mporal \textbf{T}okenizer (SweetTok), a novel video tokenizer to overcome the limitations in current video tokenization methods for compacted yet effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhentao Tan , Ben Xue , Jian Jia , Junhao Wang , Wencai Ye , Shaoyun Shi , Mingjie Sun , Wenjin Wu , Quan Chen , Peng Jiang

Discrete autoregressive (AR) text-to-image (T2I) models pair a VQ tokenizer with an AR policy, and current post-training pipelines optimize only the policy while keeping the VQ decoder frozen. Recent diffusion T2I work, exemplified by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Siyong Jian , Siyuan Li , Luyuan Zhang , Zedong Wang , Xin Jin , Ying Li , Cheng Tan , Huan Wang

Most existing methods in vision-language retrieval match two modalities by either comparing their global feature vectors which misses sufficient information and lacks interpretability, detecting objects in images or videos and aligning the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xiaohan Zou , Changqiao Wu , Lele Cheng , Zhongyuan Wang

Alignment between image and text has shown promising improvements on patch-level pre-trained document image models. However, investigating more effective or finer-grained alignment techniques during pre-training requires a large amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Lei Wang , Jiabang He , Xing Xu , Ning Liu , Hui Liu

Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models have shown impressive capabilities for generative tasks by leveraging strong vision-language alignment from pre-training. However, most vision-language discriminative tasks require extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Xuyang Liu , Siteng Huang , Yachen Kang , Honggang Chen , Donglin Wang

We consider the problem of customizing text-to-image diffusion models with user-supplied reference images. Given new prompts, the existing methods can capture the key concept from the reference images but fail to align the generated image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Aishwarya Agarwal , Srikrishna Karanam , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Diffusion Transformers (DiT) trained with flow matching in a VAE latent space have unified visual generation across images and videos. A natural next step toward a single architecture for both generation (visual synthesis) and understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiaxiu Jiang , Jingjing Ren , Wenbo Li , Bo Wang , Haoze Sun , Yijun Yang , Jianhui Liu , Yanbing Zhang , Shenghe Zheng , Yuan Zhang , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Wangmeng Zuo

Existing 1D visual tokenizers for autoregressive (AR) generation largely follow the design principles of language modeling, as they are built directly upon transformers whose priors originate in language, yielding single-hierarchy latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xu Zhang , Cheng Da , Huan Yang , Kun Gai , Ming Lu , Zhan Ma

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) rely heavily on the compressed latent space provided by Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for high-quality image generation. Recent studies have attempted to obtain generation-friendly VAEs by directly adopting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 John Page , Xuesong Niu , Kai Wu , Kun Gai

Document image enhancement is a fundamental and important stage for attaining the best performance in any document analysis assignment because there are many degradation situations that could harm document images, making it more difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Risab Biswas , Swalpa Kumar Roy , Umapada Pal

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

There has been tremendous progress in large-scale text-to-image synthesis driven by diffusion models enabling versatile downstream applications such as 3D object synthesis from texts, image editing, and customized generation. We present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ting-Hsuan Liao , Songwei Ge , Yiran Xu , Yao-Chih Lee , Badour AlBahar , Jia-Bin Huang
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