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Recent advances in hierarchical robot systems leverage a high-level planner to propose task plans and a low-level policy to generate robot actions. This design allows training the planner on action-free or even non-robot data sources (e.g.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yitian Zheng , Zhangchen Ye , Weijun Dong , Shengjie Wang , Yuyang Liu , Chongjie Zhang , Chuan Wen , Yang Gao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as a next-generation paradigm for robotics. We introduce dVLA, a diffusion-based VLA that leverages a multimodal chain-of-thought to unify visual perception, language reasoning, and robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Wen , Minjie Zhu , Jiaming Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Linfeng Zhang , Shanghang Zhang , Yichen Zhu , Yi Xu

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) on robot teleoperation data to create vision-language-action (VLA) models is a promising paradigm for training generalist policies, but it suffers from a fundamental tradeoff: learning to produce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Asher J. Hancock , Xindi Wu , Lihan Zha , Olga Russakovsky , Anirudha Majumdar

Large Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, leveraging powerful pre trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) backends, have shown promise in robotic control due to their impressive generalization ability. However, the success comes at a cost.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jianke Zhang , Yanjiang Guo , Xiaoyu Chen , Yen-Jen Wang , Yucheng Hu , Chengming Shi , Jianyu Chen

Enabling robots to learn long-horizon manipulation tasks from a handful of demonstrations remains a central challenge in robotics. Existing neuro-symbolic approaches often rely on hand-crafted symbolic abstractions, semantically labeled…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Pierrick Lorang , Johannes Huemer , Timothy Duggan , Kai Goebel , Patrik Zips , Matthias Scheutz

Enabling humanoid robots to reliably execute complex multi-step manipulation tasks is crucial for their effective deployment in industrial and household environments. This paper presents a hierarchical planning and control framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-11 André Schakkal , Ben Zandonati , Zhutian Yang , Navid Azizan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in robotic procedural planning, yet their human-centric reasoning often omits the low-level, grounded details needed for robotic execution. Vision-language models (VLMs) offer a path toward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chan Young Park , Jillian Fisher , Marius Memmel , Dipika Khullar , Seoho Yun , Abhishek Gupta , Yejin Choi

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) refers to the task of enabling autonomous robots to navigate unfamiliar environments by following natural language instructions. While recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown promise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vebjørn Haug Kåsene , Pierre Lison

Autonomous agents can learn by imitating teacher demonstrations of the intended behavior. Hierarchical control policies are ubiquitously useful for such learning, having the potential to break down structured tasks into simpler sub-tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Roy Fox , Richard Shin , William Paul , Yitian Zou , Dawn Song , Ken Goldberg , Pieter Abbeel , Ion Stoica

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets encode rich visual and linguistic knowledge, making them a strong foundation for robotics. Rather than training robotic policies from scratch, recent approaches…

Current end-to-end deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches require jointly learning perception, decision-making and low-level control from very sparse reward signals and high-dimensional inputs, with little capability of incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Vibhavari Dasagi , Robert Lee , Serena Mou , Jake Bruce , Niko Sünderhauf , Jürgen Leitner

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated notable promise in autonomous driving by offering the potential for multimodal reasoning through pretraining on extensive image-text pairs. However, adapting these models from broad web-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yupeng Zhou , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Zichong Yang , Juanwu Lu , Jitesh H Panchal , Bin Yao , Ziran Wang

Vision-Language Model (VLM) is an important component to enable robust robot manipulation. Yet, using it to translate human instructions into an action-resolvable intermediate representation often needs a tradeoff between…

Solving robotic navigation tasks via reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging due to their sparse reward and long decision horizon nature. However, in many navigation tasks, high-level (HL) task representations, like a rough floor plan,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Jan Wöhlke , Felix Schmitt , Herke van Hoof

Recently, Vision-Language-Action models (VLA) have advanced robot imitation learning, but high data collection costs and limited demonstrations hinder generalization and current imitation learning methods struggle in out-of-distribution…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shichao Fan , Quantao Yang , Yajie Liu , Kun Wu , Zhengping Che , Qingjie Liu , Min Wan

Robust perception and dynamics modeling are fundamental to real-world robotic policy learning. Recent methods employ video diffusion models (VDMs) to enhance robotic policies, improving their understanding and modeling of the physical…

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing popularity in robotic task planning due to their exceptional abilities in text analytics and generation, as well as their broad knowledge of the world. However, they fall short in decoding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Aoran Mei , Guo-Niu Zhu , Huaxiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

Sequence models in reinforcement learning require task knowledge to estimate the task policy. This paper presents a hierarchical algorithm for learning a sequence model from demonstrations. The high-level mechanism guides the low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 André Correia , Luís A. Alexandre

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for a substantial share of building energy consumption. Environmental uncertainty and dynamic occupancy behavior bring challenges in decarbonized HVAC control. Reinforcement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Dianyu Zhong , Tian Xing , Kailai Sun , Xu Yang , Heye Huang , Irfan Qaisar , Tinggang Jia , Shaobo Wang , Qianchuan Zhao