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RNA design, the task of finding a sequence that folds into a target secondary structure, has broad biological and biomedical impact but remains computationally challenging due to the exponentially large sequence space and exponentially many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Milan Gautam , Ning Dai , Tianshuo Zhou , Bowen Xie , David Mathews , Liang Huang

We present a comparison of word-based and character-based sequence-to-sequence models for data-to-text natural language generation, which generate natural language descriptions for structured inputs. On the datasets of two recent generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Glorianna Jagfeld , Sabrina Jenne , Ngoc Thang Vu

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is powerful technology that allows researchers to understand gene expression patterns at the single-cell level. However, analysing scRNA-seq data is challenging due to issues and biases in data…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-14 Jinlu Liu , Sara Wade , Natalia Bochkina

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) determines RNA expression at single-cell resolution. It provides a powerful tool for studying immunity, regulation, and other life activities of cells. However, due to the limitations of the sequencing…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-16 Linfeng Jiang , Yuan Zhu

The transformers have achieved significant accomplishments in the natural language processing as its outstanding parallel processing capabilities and highly flexible attention mechanism. In addition, increasing studies based on transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Wei Lan , Guohang He , Mingyang Liu , Qingfeng Chen , Junyue Cao , Wei Peng

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a transformative technology, offering unparalleled insights into the intricate landscape of cellular diversity and gene expression dynamics. The analysis of scRNA-seq data poses…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-19 Hongsong Feng , Sean Cottrell , Yuta Hozumi , Guo-Wei Wei

Single-cell sequencing technology maps cells to a high-dimensional space encoding their internal activity. Recently-proposed virtual cell models extend this concept, enriching cells' representations based on patterns learned from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 William Gilpin

Remote sensing imagery has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its instrumental role in global environmental monitoring, land usage monitoring, and more. As image databases grow each year, performing automatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jielu Zhang , Zhongliang Zhou , Gengchen Mai , Mengxuan Hu , Zihan Guan , Sheng Li , Lan Mu

Non-coding RNA structure and function are essential to understanding various biological processes, such as cell signaling, gene expression, and post-transcriptional regulations. These are all among the core problems in the RNA field. With…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-09 Jiayang Chen , Zhihang Hu , Siqi Sun , Qingxiong Tan , Yixuan Wang , Qinze Yu , Licheng Zong , Liang Hong , Jin Xiao , Tao Shen , Irwin King , Yu Li

We propose a novel framework for modeling the interaction between graphical structures and the natural language text associated with their nodes and edges. Existing approaches typically fall into two categories. On group ignores the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Aryan Arbabi , Mingqiu Wang , Laurent El Shafey , Nan Du , Izhak Shafran

Gene regulation is a dynamic process that connects genotype and phenotype. Given the difficulty of physically mapping mammalian gene circuitry, we require new computational methods to learn regulatory rules. Natural language is a valuable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-27 William Connell , Umair Khan , Michael J. Keiser

Proteins are essential macromolecules defined by their amino acid sequences, which determine their three-dimensional structures and, consequently, their functions in all living organisms. Therefore, generative protein modeling necessitates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinyou Wang , Zaixiang Zheng , Fei Ye , Dongyu Xue , Shujian Huang , Quanquan Gu

Clustering analysis is fundamental in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis for elucidating cellular heterogeneity and diversity. Recent graph-based scRNA-seq clustering methods, particularly graph neural networks (GNNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ping Xu , Pengfei Wang , Zhiyuan Ning , Meng Xiao , Min Wu , Yuanchun Zhou

Single-cell RNA-seq datasets are growing in size and complexity, enabling the study of cellular composition changes in various biological/clinical contexts. Scalable dimensionality reduction techniques are in need to disentangle biological…

We introduce G2T-LLM, a novel approach for molecule generation that uses graph-to-tree text encoding to transform graph-based molecular structures into a hierarchical text format optimized for large language models (LLMs). This encoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhaoning Yu , Xiangyang Xu , Hongyang Gao

Recent advances in technology have enabled the measurement of RNA levels for individual cells. Compared to traditional tissue-level bulk RNA-seq data, single cell sequencing yields valuable insights about gene expression profiles for…

Applications · Statistics 2019-04-16 Lingxue Zhu , Jing Lei , Bernie Devlin , Kathryn Roeder

Applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in various biomedical research areas have been blooming. This new technology provides unprecedented opportunities to study disease heterogeneity at the cellular level. However, unique…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-26 Xinlei Mi , William Bekerman , Peter A. Sims , Peter D. Canoll , Jianhua Hu

The paradigm of large language models in natural language processing (NLP) has also shown promise in modeling biological languages, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. Both the auto-regressive generation paradigm and evaluation metrics have…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Ke Liu , Shuaike Shen , Hao Chen

We present the use of single-cell entropy (scEntropy) to measure the order of the cellular transcriptome profile from single-cell RNA-seq data, which leads to a method of unsupervised cell type classification through scEntropy followed by…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-18 Jingxin Liu , You Song , Jinzhi Lei

Xenium, a new spatial transcriptomics platform, enables subcellular-resolution profiling of complex tumor tissues. Despite the rich morphological information in histology images, extracting robust cell-level features and integrating them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Paul H. Acosta , Pingjun Chen , Simon P. Castillo , Maria Esther Salvatierra , Yinyin Yuan , Xiaoxi Pan