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We introduce and investigate numerically a minimal class of dynamical triangulations of two-dimensional gravity on the sphere in which only vertices of order five, six or seven are permitted. We show firstly that this restriction of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 M. J. Bowick , S. M. Catterall , G. Thorleifsson

We assume that the points in volumes smaller than an elementary volume (which may have a Planck size) are indistinguishable in any physical experiment. This naturally leads to a picture of a discrete space with a finite number of degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-07 Ali H. Chamseddine , Viatcheslav Mukhanov

A rectangulation is a decomposition of a rectangle into finitely many rectangles. Via natural equivalence relations, rectangulations can be seen as combinatorial objects with a rich structure, with links to lattice congruences, flip graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Andrei Asinowski , Jean Cardinal , Stefan Felsner , Éric Fusy

We show how it is possible to formulate Euclidean two-dimensional quantum gravity as the scaling limit of an ordinary statistical system by means of dynamical triangulations, which can be viewed as a discretization in the space of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 J. Ambjorn , J. Jurkiewicz , Y. Watabiki

In this paper, we will describe a combinatorial object to list the orbits in the ${\mathbb Z}$-graded Lie algebra, their Jordan bloc decomposition, their dimension, their dimension, the partial order and the equivariant local system (up to…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Robert Bedard

This paper is the second in a series where we attempt to give a complete description of the space of all embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a fixed (but arbitrary) closed 3-manifold. The key for understanding such surfaces is to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tobias H. Colding , William P. Minicozzi

We consider functional-integral quantisation of the moduli of all quantum metrics defined as square-lengths $a$ on the edges of a Lorentzian square graph. We determine correlation functions and find a fixed relative uncertainty $\Delta…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-08 Shahn Majid

A combinatorial tiling of the sphere is naturally given by an embedded graph. We study the case that each tile has exactly five edges, with the ultimate goal of classifying combinatorial tilings of the sphere by geometrically congruent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-13 Min Yan

We find models of two-dimensional gravity that resolve the factorization puzzle and have a discrete spectrum, whilst retaining a semiclassical description. A novelty of these models is that they contain non-trivially correlated spacetime…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-28 Andreas Blommaert , Luca V. Iliesiu , Jorrit Kruthoff

We introduce {\em quadri-tilings} and show that they are in bijection with dimer models on a {\em family} of graphs $\{R^*\}$ arising from rhombus tilings. Using two height functions, we interpret a sub-family of all quadri-tilings, called…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-11 B. de Tilière

Recently, W. M. Schmidt and L. Summerer introduced a new theory which allowed them to recover the main known inequalities relating the usual exponents of Diophantine approximation to a point in $\mathbb{R}^n$, and to discover new ones. They…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-26 Damien Roy

We consider general integrable systems on graphs as discrete flat connections with the values in loop groups. We argue that a certain class of graphs is of a special importance in this respect, namely quad-graphs, the cellular…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander I. Bobenko , Yuri B. Suris

We discuss some specializations of the frames of flat orthonormal frame bundles over geometries of indefinite signature, and the resulting symmetries of families of embedded Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian geometries. The specializations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-02-18 Frank B. Estabrook

Lin-Lu-Yau introduced an interesting notion of Ricci curvature for graphs and obtained a complete characterization for all Ricci-flat graphs with girth at least five [1]. In this paper, we propose a concrete approach to construct an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-20 Weihua He , Jun Luo , Chao Yang , Wei Yuan

Dynamical triangulations of four-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity give rise to an interesting, numerically accessible model of quantum gravity. We give a simple introduction to the model and discuss two particularly important issues.…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 B. Bruegmann , E. Marinari

We study the orbit of $\mathbb{R}$ under the Bianchi group $\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathcal{O}_K)$, where $K$ is an imaginary quadratic field. The orbit, called a Schmidt arrangement $\mathcal{S}_K$, is a geometric realisation, as an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-11 Katherine E. Stange

Rectangulations are decompositions of a square into finitely many axis-aligned rectangles. We describe realizations of $(n-1)$-dimensional polytopes associated with two combinatorial families of rectangulations composed of $n$ rectangles.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Jean Cardinal , Vincent Pilaud

A classification of discrete integrable systems on quad-graphs, i.e. on surface cell decompositions with quadrilateral faces, is given. The notion of integrability laid in the basis of the classification is the three-dimensional…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-11-07 V. E. Adler , A. I. Bobenko , Yu. B. Suris

We study a perturbation theory for embedding gravity equations in a background for which corrections to the embedding function are linear with respect to corrections to the flat metric. The arbitrariness remaining after solving the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-02 S. S. Kuptsov , M. V. Ioffe , S. N. Manida , S. A. Paston

A correspondence between three-dimensional flat connections and constant curvature four-dimensional simplices is used to give a novel quantization of geometry via complex SL(2,C) Chern-Simons theory. The resulting quantum geometrical states…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-18 Hal M. Haggard , Muxin Han , Wojciech Kaminski , Aldo Riello