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In this work, we introduce a novel strategy for long-tail recognition that addresses the tail classes' few-shot problem via training-free knowledge transfer. Our objective is to transfer knowledge acquired from information-rich common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Sarah Parisot , Pedro M. Esperanca , Steven McDonagh , Tamas J. Madarasz , Yongxin Yang , Zhenguo Li

Learning high-performance control policies that remain consistent with expert behavior is a fundamental challenge in robotics. Reinforcement learning can discover high-performing strategies but often departs from desirable human behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Siwei Ju , Jan Tauberschmidt , Oleg Arenz , Peter van Vliet , Jan Peters

Reward design is central to reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) and alignment research. In this work, we propose a unified framework to study hard, continuous, and hybrid reward structures for fine-tuning large language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Subramanyam Sahoo

Reward models have become a staple in modern NLP, serving as not only a scalable text evaluator, but also an indispensable component in many alignment recipes and inference-time algorithms. However, while recent reward models increase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Zhaofeng Wu , Michihiro Yasunaga , Andrew Cohen , Yoon Kim , Asli Celikyilmaz , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Envisioned application areas for reinforcement learning (RL) include autonomous driving, precision agriculture, and finance, which all require RL agents to make decisions in the real world. A significant challenge hindering the adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Dominik Baumann , Erfaun Noorani , James Price , Ole Peters , Colm Connaughton , Thomas B. Schön

Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) has proven to be a successful framework for leveraging experience from prior tasks to rapidly learn new related tasks, however, current meta-RL approaches struggle to learn in sparse reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Charles Packer , Pieter Abbeel , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for tackling control problems, but its practical application is often hindered by the complexity arising from intricate reward functions with multiple terms. The reward hypothesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kilian Freitag , Kristian Ceder , Rita Laezza , Knut Åkesson , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a pivotal technique that aligns language models closely with human-centric values. The initial phase of RLHF involves learning human values using a reward model from ranking data. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Banghua Zhu , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

In recent years, a variety of tasks have been accomplished by deep reinforcement learning (DRL). However, when applying DRL to tasks in a real-world environment, designing an appropriate reward is difficult. Rewards obtained via actual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Kanata Suzuki , Tetsuya Ogata

General-purpose planning algorithms for automated driving combine mission, behavior, and local motion planning. Such planning algorithms map features of the environment and driving kinematics into complex reward functions. To achieve this,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Sascha Rosbach , Vinit James , Simon Großjohann , Silviu Homoceanu , Xing Li , Stefan Roth

Recent extensive research has demonstrated that the enhanced reasoning capabilities acquired by models through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) are primarily concentrated within the rank-1 components. Predicated on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Ye , Jisheng Dang , Junfeng Fang , Bimei Wang , Yizhou Zhang , Ning Lv , Wencan Zhang , Hong Peng , Bin Hu , Tat-Seng Chua

Existing approaches to language model alignment often treat safety as a tradeoff against helpfulness, which can lead to unacceptable responses in sensitive domains. To ensure reliable performance in such settings, we propose High-Confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yaswanth Chittepu , Blossom Metevier , Will Schwarzer , Austin Hoag , Scott Niekum , Philip S. Thomas

Fine-grained visual reasoning remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The recently introduced ReasonMap highlights this gap by showing that even advanced MLLMs struggle with spatial reasoning in structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sicheng Feng , Kaiwen Tuo , Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a key paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, yet the reward models at its core remain largely opaque. In this work, we present Sparse Autoencoder For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Wei Shi , Ziyuan Xie , Sihang Li , Xiang Wang

Traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms assume the distribution of the data to be uniform or mostly uniform. However, this is not the case with most real-world applications like autonomous driving or in nature where animals roam.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Dolton Fernandes , Pramod Kaushik , Harsh Shukla , Bapi Raju Surampudi

Reward models are critical in techniques like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Inference Scaling Laws, where they guide language model alignment and select optimal responses. Despite their importance, existing reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yantao Liu , Zijun Yao , Rui Min , Yixin Cao , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

We propose a novel reinforcement learning framework for post training large language models that does not rely on human in the loop feedback. Instead, our approach uses cross attention signals within the model itself to derive a self…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Andrew Kiruluta , Andreas Lemos , Priscilla Burity

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown great promise in robotic continuous control tasks. Nevertheless, prior research in this vein center around the centralized learning setting that largely relies on the communication…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Dongge Han , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Tomasz Michalak , Michael Wooldridge

Reward models are critical for improving large language models (LLMs), particularly in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or inference-time verification. Current reward modeling typically relies on scores of overall responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chaoyang Zhou , Shunyu Liu , Zengmao Wang , Di Wang , Rong-Cheng Tu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao
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