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Neural electrical activity is fundamental to brain function, underlying a range of cognitive and behavioral processes, including movement, perception, decision-making, and consciousness. Abnormal patterns of neural signaling often indicate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-03 Zhizhang Yuan , Fanqi Shen , Meng Li , Yuguo Yu , Chenhao Tan , Yang Yang

Brain MRI underpins a wide range of neuroscientific and clinical applications, yet most learning-based methods remain task-specific and require substantial labeled data. Here we show that a single self-supervised representation can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yizhou Wu , Shansong Wang , Yuheng Li , Mojtaba Safari , Mingzhe Hu , Chih-Wei Chang , Harini Veeraraghavan , Xiaofeng Yang

The development of foundation models for brain MRI depends critically on the scale, diversity, and consistency of available data, yet systematic assessments of these factors remain scarce. In this study, we analyze 54 publicly accessible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Minh Sao Khue Luu , Margaret V. Benedichuk , Ekaterina I. Roppert , Roman M. Kenzhin , Bair N. Tuchinov

Understanding how the brain represents visual information is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. While AI-driven decoding of neural data has provided insights into the human visual system, integrating…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dongyang Li , Haoyang Qin , Mingyang Wu , Chen Wei , Quanying Liu

Recent learning-based approaches have made astonishing advances in calibrated medical imaging like computerized tomography (CT), yet they struggle to generalize in uncalibrated modalities -- notably magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Peirong Liu , Oula Puonti , Xiaoling Hu , Karthik Gopinath , Annabel Sorby-Adams , Daniel C. Alexander , W. Taylor Kimberly , Juan E. Iglesias

Developing Foundation Models for medical image analysis is essential to overcome the unique challenges of radiological tasks. The first challenges of this kind for 3D brain MRI, SSL3D and FOMO25, were held at MICCAI 2025. Our solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pedro M. Gordaliza , Jaume Banus , Benoît Gérin , Maxence Wynen , Nataliia Molchanova , Jonas Richiardi , Meritxell Bach Cuadra

Predicting stroke risk is a complex challenge that can be enhanced by integrating diverse clinically available data modalities. This study introduces a self-supervised multimodal framework that combines 3D brain imaging, clinical data, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Camille Delgrange , Olga Demler , Samia Mora , Bjoern Menze , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Neda Davoudi

Brain foundation models (BFMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in computational neuroscience, offering a revolutionary framework for processing diverse neural signals across different brain-related tasks. These models leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xinliang Zhou , Chenyu Liu , Zhisheng Chen , Kun Wang , Yi Ding , Ziyu Jia , Qingsong Wen

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have enabled unified reasoning across images, audio, and video, but extending such capability to brain imaging remains largely unexplored. Bridging this gap is essential to link…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yuxiang Wei , Yanteng Zhang , Xi Xiao , Chengxuan Qian , Tianyang Wang , Vince D. Calhoun

Multimodal neuroimaging modeling has becomes a widely used approach but confronts considerable challenges due to heterogeneity, which encompasses variability in data types, scales, and formats across modalities. This variability…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-15 Gang Qu , Ziyu Zhou , Vince D. Calhoun , Aiying Zhang , Yu-Ping Wang

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) provides accurate estimates of the brain's structural organization and learning invariant brain representations from sMRI is an enduring issue in neuroscience. Previous deep representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ning Jiang , Gongshu Wang , Tianyi Yan

Understanding the hidden mechanisms behind human's visual perception is a fundamental question in neuroscience. To that end, investigating into the neural responses of human mind activities, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuankun Yang , Li Zhang , Ziyang Xie , Zhiyuan Yuan , Jianfeng Feng , Xiatian Zhu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Multi-modal neuroimaging analysis is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of brain function and pathology, as it allows for the integration of different imaging techniques, thus overcoming the limitations of individual modalities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Weiheng Yao , Zhihan Lyu , Mufti Mahmud , Ning Zhong , Baiying Lei , Shuqiang Wang

We present brat (brain report alignment transformer), a multi-view representation learning framework for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) trained on MRIs paired with clinical reports. Brain MRIs present unique challenges due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Maxime Kayser , Maksim Gridnev , Wanting Wang , Max Bain , Aneesh Rangnekar , Avijit Chatterjee , Aleksandr Petrov , Harini Veeraraghavan , Nathaniel C. Swinburne

Large-scale models have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, including automated medical services and intelligent customer support. However, as most large models are trained on single-modality corpora, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hao Sun , Yu Song , Jiaqing Liu , Jihong Hu , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Multimodal functional neuroimaging enables systematic analysis of brain mechanisms and provides discriminative representations for brain-computer interface (BCI) decoding. However, its acquisition is constrained by high costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Weiheng Yao , Xuhang Chen , Shuqiang Wang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to revolutionize AI research, there is a growing interest in building large-scale brain foundation models to advance neuroscience. While most existing brain foundation models are pre-trained on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xinxu Wei , Kanhao Zhao , Yong Jiao , Lifang He , Yu Zhang

For decades, neuroscientists and computer scientists have pursued a shared ambition: to understand intelligence and build it. Modern artificial neural networks now rival humans in language, perception, and reasoning, yet it is still largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Silin Chen , Yuzhong Chen , Zifan Wang , Junhao Wang , Zifeng Jia , Keith M Kendrick , Tuo Zhang , Lin Zhao , Dezhong Yao , Tianming Liu , Xi Jiang

Multimodal physiological signals, such as EEG, ECG, EOG, and EMG, are crucial for healthcare and brain-computer interfaces. While existing methods rely on specialized architectures and dataset-specific fusion strategies, they struggle to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Wei-Bang Jiang , Xi Fu , Yi Ding , Cuntai Guan

Recent learning-based approaches have made astonishing advances in calibrated medical imaging like computerized tomography (CT), yet they struggle to generalize in uncalibrated modalities -- notably magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Peirong Liu , Oula Puonti , Xiaoling Hu , Daniel C. Alexander , Juan E. Iglesias