Related papers: Mapping Quantum Threats: An Engineering Inventory …
Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability are basic goals of security architecture. To ensure CIA, many authentication scheme has been introduced in several years. Currently deployment of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a most…
Blockchains have gained substantial attention from academia and industry for their ability to facilitate decentralized trust and communications. However, the rapid progress of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of…
Advances in quantum computing threaten digital communication security by undermining the foundations of current public-key cryptography through Shor's quantum algorithm. This has driven the development of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), a…
Many modern asymmetric encryption methods rely on prime numbers, as they have distinctive properties. For instance, the security of RSA cryptosystem relies on the computational difficulty of factoring a large composite number in its prime…
Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…
Based on quantum encryption, we present a new idea for quantum public-key cryptography (QPKC) and construct a whole theoretical framework of a QPKC system. We show that the quantum-mechanical nature renders it feasible and reasonable to use…
Blockchain is a distributed database which is cryptographically protected against malicious modifications. While promising for a wide range of applications, current blockchain platforms rely on digital signatures, which are vulnerable to…
This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, to generate a key for authentication and optionally for encryption in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons…
The rise of quantum computing threatens traditional cryptographic algorithms that secure Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems (TCPS). Shor's algorithm poses a significant threat to RSA and ECC, while Grover's algorithm reduces the security…
The software engineering community is facing challenges from quantum computers (QCs). In the era of quantum computing, Shor's algorithm running on QCs can break asymmetric encryption algorithms that classical computers practically cannot.…
Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…
As quantum computing progresses, traditional cryptographic systems face the threat of obsolescence due to the capabilities of quantum algorithms. This paper introduces the Quantum-Ready Architecture for Security and Risk Management…
Most modern cryptographic systems, such as RSA and the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, rely on "trapdoor" mathematical functions that are presumed to be computationally difficult with existing tools. However, quantum computers will be able to…
Quantum secure signature schemes have a lot of attention recently, in particular because of the NIST call to standardize quantum safe cryptography. However, only few signature schemes can have concrete quantum security because of technical…
Owing to its fundamental principles, quantum theory holds the promise to enhance the security of modern cryptography, from message encryption to anonymous communication, digital signatures, online banking, leader election, one-time…
In recent years, quantum computers and Shor quantum algorithm have posed a threat to current mainstream asymmetric cryptography methods (e.g. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)). Therefore, it is necessary to construct a Post-Quantum…
Quantum computation represents a threat to many cryptographic protocols in operation today. It has been estimated that by 2035, there will exist a quantum computer capable of breaking the vital cryptographic scheme RSA2048. Blockchain…
This whitepaper seeks to elucidate implications that the capabilities of developing quantum architectures have on blockchain vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies. First, we provide new resource estimates for breaking the 256-bit…
The paper explains that post-quantum cryptography is necessary due to the introduction of quantum computing causing certain algorithms to be broken. We analyze the different types of post-quantum cryptography, quantum cryptography and…
Group homomorphic encryption represents one of the most important building blocks in modern cryptography. It forms the basis of widely-used, more sophisticated primitives, such as CCA2-secure encryption or secure multiparty computation.…