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Taiwanese Hakka is a low-resource, endangered language that poses significant challenges for automatic speech recognition (ASR), including high dialectal variability and the presence of two distinct writing systems (Hanzi and Pinyin).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 An-Ci Peng , Kuan-Tang Huang , Tien-Hong Lo , Hung-Shin Lee , Hsin-Min Wang , Berlin Chen

Intra-sentential code-switching (CS) refers to the alternation between languages that happens within a single utterance and is a significant challenge for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. For example, when a Vietnamese speaker…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 The Chuong Chu , Vu Tuan Dat Pham , Kien Dao , Hoang Nguyen , Quoc Hung Truong

With the development of deep learning, automatic speech recognition (ASR) has made significant progress. To further enhance the performance of ASR, revising recognition results is one of the lightweight but efficient manners. Various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yi-Wei Wang , Ke-Han Lu , Kuan-Yu Chen

Code-switching (CS) refers to a linguistic phenomenon where a speaker uses different languages in an utterance or between alternating utterances. In this work, we study end-to-end (E2E) approaches to the Mandarin-English code-switching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Zhiping Zeng , Yerbolat Khassanov , Van Tung Pham , Haihua Xu , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models demonstrate outstanding performance on high-resource languages but face significant challenges when applied to low-resource languages due to limited training data and insufficient cross-lingual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Ming-Hao Hsu , Hung-yi Lee

Single-word Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a challenging task due to the lack of linguistic context and sensitivity to noise, pronunciation variation, and channel artifacts, especially in low-resource, communication-critical domains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Manali Sharma , Riya Naik , Buvaneshwari G

Modern multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems like Whisper have made it possible to transcribe audio in multiple languages with a single model. However, current state-of-the-art ASR models are typically evaluated on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Luca Della Libera , Pooneh Mousavi , Salah Zaiem , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

The instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are pivotal for numerous applications, from conversational agents to complex reasoning systems. However, current evaluations predominantly focus on English models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Dongjun Kim , Chanhee Park , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) outcomes serve as input for downstream tasks, substantially impacting the satisfaction level of end-users. Hence, the diagnosis and enhancement of the vulnerabilities present in the ASR model bear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Seonmin Koo , Chanjun Park , Jinsung Kim , Jaehyung Seo , Sugyeong Eo , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Training multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is challenging because acoustic and lexical information is typically language specific. Training multilingual system for Indic languages is even more tougher due to lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Harveen Singh Chadha , Priyanshi Shah , Ankur Dhuriya , Neeraj Chhimwal , Anirudh Gupta , Vivek Raghavan

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) for conversational code-switching speech remains challenging due to the scarcity of realistic, high-quality labeled speech data. This paper explores multilingual text-to-speech (TTS) models as an effective…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Yue Heng Yeo , Yuchen Hu , Shreyas Gopal , Yizhou Peng , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

This paper examines the Code-Switching (CS) phenomenon where two languages intertwine within a single utterance. There exists a noticeable need for research on the CS between English and Korean. We highlight that the current Equivalence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jangyeong Jeon , Sangyeon Cho , Minuk Ma , Junyoung Kim

Code-switching describes the practice of using more than one language in the same sentence. In this study, we investigate how to optimize a neural transducer based bilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for code-switching…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is increasingly used to document clinical encounters, yet its reliability in multilingual and demographically diverse Indian healthcare contexts remains largely unknown. In this study, we conduct the first…

In the FAME! Project, a code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch speech is developed that can accurately transcribe the local broadcaster's bilingual archives with CS speech. This archive contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Emre Yılmaz , Samuel Cohen , Xianghu Yue , David van Leeuwen , Haizhou Li

We introduce HRMCR (HAE-RAE Multi-Step Commonsense Reasoning), a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' ability to perform multi-step reasoning in culturally specific contexts, focusing on Korean. The questions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Guijin Son , Hyunwoo Ko , Dasol Choi

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) using huge unlabeled data has been successfully explored for image and natural language processing. Recent works also investigated SSL from speech. They were notably successful to improve performance on…

In recent years, end-to-end speech recognition has emerged as a technology that integrates the acoustic, pronunciation dictionary, and language model components of the traditional Automatic Speech Recognition model. It is possible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Tzu-Ting Yang , Hsin-Wei Wang , Berlin Chen

Mandarin-English code-switching (CS) is frequently used among East and Southeast Asian people. However, the intra-sentence language switching of the two very different languages makes recognizing CS speech challenging. Meanwhile, the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shun-Po Chuang , Heng-Jui Chang , Sung-Feng Huang , Hung-yi Lee

Automatic Speech Scoring (ASS) is the computer-assisted evaluation of a candidate's speaking proficiency in a language. ASS systems face many challenges like open grammar, variable pronunciations, and unstructured or semi-structured…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-07 Yaman Kumar Singla , Avykat Gupta , Shaurya Bagga , Changyou Chen , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Rajiv Ratn Shah