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Multimodal learning typically relies on the assumption that all modalities are fully available during both the training and inference phases. However, in real-world scenarios, consistently acquiring complete multimodal data presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Donggeun Kim , Taesup Kim

Image modality is not perfect as it often fails in certain conditions, e.g., night and fast motion. This significantly limits the robustness and versatility of existing multi-modal (i.e., Image+X) semantic segmentation methods when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Lin Wang

Multimodal representation learning produces high-dimensional embeddings that align diverse modalities in a shared latent space. While this enables strong generalization, it also introduces scalability challenges, both in terms of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eleonora Grassucci , Giordano Cicchetti , Aurelio Uncini , Danilo Comminiello

Human beings have rich ways of emotional expressions, including facial action, voice, and natural languages. Due to the diversity and complexity of different individuals, the emotions expressed by various modalities may be semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chuan Zhang , Daoxin Zhang , Ruixiu Zhang , Jiawei Li , Jianke Zhu

Malignant brain tumors have become an aggressive and dangerous disease that leads to death worldwide.Multi-modal MRI data is crucial for accurate brain tumor segmentation, but missing modalities common in clinical practice can severely…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-11 Guoyan Liang , Qin Zhou , Jingyuan Chen , Bingcang Huang , Kai Chen , Lin Gu , Zhe Wang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao

Multimodal learning seeks to utilize data from multiple sources to improve the overall performance of downstream tasks. It is desirable for redundancies in the data to make multimodal systems robust to missing or corrupted observations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ashley Prater-Bennette , M. Salman Asif

Training multimodal networks requires a vast amount of data due to their larger parameter space compared to unimodal networks. Active learning is a widely used technique for reducing data annotation costs by selecting only those samples…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Meng Shen , Yizheng Huang , Jianxiong Yin , Heqing Zou , Deepu Rajan , Simon See

Multimodal semantic segmentation has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing scene understanding by leveraging complementary information from multiple sensing modalities (e.g., RGB, depth, and thermal). However, existing cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Guoan Xu , Yang Xiao , Guangwei Gao , Dongchen Zhu , Guo-Jun Qi , Wenjing Jia

Emotion recognition plays a vital role in enhancing human-computer interaction. In this study, we tackle the MER-SEMI challenge of the MER2025 competition by proposing a novel multimodal emotion recognition framework. To address the issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Juewen Hu , Yexin Li , Jiulin Li , Shuo Chen , Pring Wong

Multimodal emotion recognition fuses cues such as text, video, and audio to understand individual emotional states. Prior methods face two main limitations: mechanically relying on independent unimodal performance, thereby missing genuine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhexian Huang , Bo Zhao , Hui Ma , Zhishu Liu , Jie Zhang , Ruixin Zhang , Shouhong Ding , Zitong Yu

Multimodal learning integrates information from different modalities to enhance model performance, yet it often suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities overshadow weaker ones during joint optimization. This paper reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoyu Ma , Hao Chen

Semantic segmentation across arbitrary sensor modalities faces significant challenges due to diverse sensor characteristics, and the traditional configurations for this task result in redundant development efforts. We address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jiong Liu , Yingjie Xu , Xingcheng Zhou , Rui Song , Walter Zimmer , Alois Knoll , Hu Cao

In multimodal learning, dominant modalities often overshadow others, limiting generalization. We propose Modality-Aware Sharpness-Aware Minimization (M-SAM), a model-agnostic framework that applies to many modalities and supports early and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hossein R. Nowdeh , Jie Ji , Xiaolong Ma , Fatemeh Afghah

Learning from multiple modalities often suffers from imbalance, where information-rich modalities dominate optimization while weaker or partially missing modalities contribute less. This imbalance becomes severe in realistic settings with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Phuong-Anh Nguyen , Tien Anh Pham , Duc-Trong Le , Cam-Van Thi Nguyen

Multimodal learning has attracted increasing attention due to its practicality. However, it often suffers from insufficient optimization, where the multimodal model underperforms even compared to its unimodal counterparts. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Qiang Zhu , Yang Luo

Multimodal emotion recognition in conversation (MERC) requires representations that effectively integrate signals from multiple modalities. These signals include modality-specific cues, information shared across modalities, and interactions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anh-Tuan Mai , Cam-Van Thi Nguyen , Duc-Trong Le

Semantic segmentation, a key task in computer vision with broad applications in autonomous driving, medical imaging, and robotics, has advanced substantially with deep learning. Nevertheless, current approaches remain vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Iacopo Curti , Pierluigi Zama Ramirez , Alioscia Petrelli , Luigi Di Stefano

Multimodal semantic communication has great potential to enhance downstream task performance by integrating complementary information across modalities. This paper introduces ProMSC-MIS, a novel Prompt-based Multimodal Semantic…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Haoshuo Zhang , Yufei Bo , Meixia Tao

Learning from multiple modalities, such as audio and video, offers opportunities for leveraging complementary information, enhancing robustness, and improving contextual understanding and performance. However, combining such modalities…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Konstantinos Kontras , Christos Chatzichristos , Matthew Blaschko , Maarten De Vos

Multimodal learning often encounters the under-optimized problem and may have worse performance than unimodal learning. Existing methods attribute this problem to the imbalanced learning between modalities and rebalance them through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Yang Luo