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Large Language Models enable users to access database using natural language interfaces using tools like Text2SQL, Text2SPARQL, and Text2Cypher, which translate user questions into structured database queries. While these systems improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy

Recently, there has been significant progress in studying neural networks to translate text descriptions into SQL queries. Despite achieving good performance on some public benchmarks, existing text-to-SQL models typically rely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Yujian Gan , Xinyun Chen , Qiuping Huang , Matthew Purver , John R. Woodward , Jinxia Xie , Pengsheng Huang

A practical text-to-SQL system should generalize well on a wide variety of natural language questions, unseen database schemas, and novel SQL query structures. To comprehensively evaluate text-to-SQL systems, we introduce a UNIfied…

The task of semantic parsing is highly useful for dialogue and question answering systems. Many datasets have been proposed to map natural language text into SQL, among which the recent Spider dataset provides cross-domain samples with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Qingkai Min , Yuefeng Shi , Yue Zhang

The conversion of natural language queries into SQL queries, known as Text-to-SQL, is a critical yet challenging task. This paper introduces EPI-SQL, a novel methodological framework leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Xiping Liu , Zhao Tan

Natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) conversion is an important problem for researchers and enterprises due to the ubiquitous importance of relational databases in broad-ranging practical problems. Despite the rapid advancements in the…

Text-to-SQL ensembles improve over single-candidate generation by drawing multiple SQL candidates and selecting one, but their effectiveness is bounded by Pass@K, the probability that at least one of K candidates is correct. Existing…

Text-to-SQL, the process of translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), represents a transformative application of large language models (LLMs), potentially revolutionizing how humans interact with data. This paper…

Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) aims to map natural language questions to executable SQL queries. Although large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, current approaches struggle with poor transferability to open-source LLMs,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Shuai Lyu , Haoran Luo , Ripeng Li , Zhonghong Ou , Jiangfeng Sun , Yang Qin , Xiaoran Shang , Meina Song , Yifan Zhu

Text-to-SQL is a crucial task toward developing methods for understanding natural language by computers. Recent neural approaches deliver excellent performance; however, models that are difficult to interpret inhibit future developments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Yasufumi Taniguchi , Hiroki Nakayama , Kubo Takahiro , Jun Suzuki

Text-to-SQL bridges the gap between natural language and structured database language, thus allowing non-technical users to easily query databases. Traditional approaches model text-to-SQL as a direct translation task, where a given Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anurag Tripathi , Vaibhav Patle , Abhinav Jain , Ayush Pundir , Sairam Menon , Ajeet Kumar Singh , Dorien Herremans

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled natural language interfaces that translate user questions into database queries, such as Text2SQL, Text2SPARQL, and Text2Cypher. While these interfaces enhance database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy , William Tai

Text-to-SQL systems have achieved strong performance on English benchmarks, yet their behavior in morphologically rich, low-resource languages remains largely unexplored. We introduce BIRDTurk, the first Turkish adaptation of the BIRD…

While fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) excel in generating grammatically valid SQL in Text-to-SQL parsing, they often struggle to ensure semantic accuracy in queries, leading to user confusion and diminished system usability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jipeng Cen , Jiaxin Liu , Zhixu Li , Jingjing Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). In contrast, small language models (SLMs) ranging from 0.5B to 1.5B parameters currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

Text-to-SQL conversion is a critical innovation, simplifying the transition from complex SQL to intuitive natural language queries, especially significant given SQL's prevalence in the job market across various roles. The rise of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tingkai Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Cong Liao , Jun Wang , Xudong Zhao , Hang Yu , Jianchao Wang , Jianguo Li , Wenhui Shi

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases using natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in translating natural language questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Gyubok Lee , Woosog Chay , Seonhee Cho , Edward Choi

With the future striving toward data-centric decision-making, seamless access to databases is of utmost importance. There is extensive research on creating an efficient text-to-sql (TEXT2SQL) model to access data from the database. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Ayush Kumar , Parth Nagarkar , Prabhav Nalhe , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

Text-to-SQL systems powered by Large Language Models have excelled on academic benchmarks but struggle in complex enterprise environments. The primary limitation lies in their reliance on static schema representations, which fails to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bowen Cao , Weibin Liao , Yushi Sun , Dong Fang , Haitao Li , Wai Lam

To access data stored in relational databases, users need to understand the database schema and write a query using a query language such as SQL. To simplify this task, text-to-SQL models attempt to translate a user's natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Amol Kelkar , Rohan Relan , Vaishali Bhardwaj , Saurabh Vaichal , Chandra Khatri , Peter Relan