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Cryptographic protocols play a fundamental role in securing modern digital infrastructure, but they are often deployed without prior formal verification. This could lead to the adoption of distributed systems vulnerable to attack vectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Cristian Curaba , Denis D'Ambrosi , Alessandro Minisini , Natalia Pérez-Campanero Antolín

Medical Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for clinical decision support across diverse specialties, yet systematic evaluation of their robustness to adversarial misuse and privacy leakage remains inaccessible to most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jinghao Wang , Ping Zhang , Carter Yagemann

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Language models have gained significant interest due to their general-purpose capabilities, which appear to emerge as models are scaled to increasingly larger parameter sizes. However, these large models impose stringent requirements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Savitha Viswanadh Kandala , Pramuka Medaranga , Ambuj Varshney

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful enablers for autonomous reasoning and natural-language coordination in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms operating within Internet of Things (IoT) environments. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jifar Wakuma Ayana , Huang Qiming

In black-box large language model (LLM) services, response reliability is often only partially observable at decision time, while stronger inference pathways incur substantial computational cost, inducing a budgeted sequential decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Wenhao Yuan , Chenchen Lin , Jian Chen , Jinfeng Xu , Shuo Yang , Edith Cheuk Han Ngai

Uncertainty quantification is essential for assessing the reliability and trustworthiness of modern AI systems. Among existing approaches, verbalized uncertainty, where models express their confidence through natural language, has emerged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weihao Xuan , Qingcheng Zeng , Heli Qi , Junjue Wang , Naoto Yokoya

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently unlocked strong reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs), triggering rapid exploration of new algorithms and data. However, RLVR training is notoriously…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yiqi Zhang , Fangzheng Jiao , Tian Tang , Boyu Tian , Hangyu Wang , Qiaoling Chen , Guoteng Wang , Zhen Jiang , Peng Sun , Ping Zhang , Xiaohe Hu , Ziming Liu , Menghao Zhang , Yanmin Jia , Yang You , Siyuan Feng

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of benchmarks have been proposed. However, most benchmarks lack unified evaluation standard and require the manual implementation of custom scripts, making results…

Although diffusion language models (DLMs) are evolving quickly, many recent models converge on a set of shared components. These components, however, are distributed across ad-hoc research codebases or lack transparent implementations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhanhui Zhou , Lingjie Chen , Hanghang Tong , Dawn Song

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an embodied agent to navigate in a complex 3D environment according to natural language instructions. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled language-driven navigation with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zijun Li , Shijie Li , Zhenxi Zhang , Bin Li , Shoujun Zhou

As foundation models continue to scale, the size of trained models grows exponentially, presenting significant challenges for their evaluation. Current evaluation practices involve curating increasingly large datasets to assess the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-08 Ganghua Wang , Zhaorun Chen , Bo Li , Haifeng Xu

Advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in a variety of vision-language tasks involving image-conditioned free-form text generation. However, growing concerns about hallucinations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Zhuohang Li , Chao Yan , Nicholas J. Jackson , Wendi Cui , Bo Li , Jiaxin Zhang , Bradley A. Malin

The rise of Generative AI introduces a new class of HPC workloads that integrates lightweight LLMs with traditional high-throughput applications to accelerate scientific discovery. The current design of HPC clusters is inadequate to support…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Thanh Son Phung , Douglas Thain

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in debugging for various programming languages. However, the application of LLMs to Verilog debugging remains insufficiently explored. Here, we present VeriDebug, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image understanding tasks, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by significant architectural heterogeneity across model families. This paper introduces UVLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Joan Perez , Giovanni Fusco

Limitations in Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities for hardware design tasks, such as generating functional Verilog codes, have motivated various fine-tuning optimizations utilizing curated hardware datasets from open-source…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Sam Bush , Matthew DeLorenzo , Phat Tieu , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Grounding large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge sources is a promising method for faithful prediction. While existing grounding approaches work well for simple queries, many real-world information needs require synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Cheng Jiayang , Qianqian Zhuang , Haoran Li , Chunkit Chan , Xin Liu , Lin Qiu , Yangqiu Song

Large language models have demonstrated extraordinary performance in many AI tasks but are expensive to use, even after training, due to their requirement of high-end GPUs. Recently, a distributed system called PETALS was developed to lower…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tingyang Sun , Ting He , Bo Ji , Parimal Parag

Federated learning (FL) is a promising distributed learning solution that only exchanges model parameters without revealing raw data. However, the centralized architecture of FL is vulnerable to the single point of failure. In addition, FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Hang Chen , Syed Ali Asif , Jihong Park , Chien-Chung Shen , Mehdi Bennis