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The interleaving distance is arguably the most prominent distance measure in topological data analysis. In this paper, we provide bounds on the computational complexity of determining the interleaving distance in several settings. We show…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik , Magnus Bakke Botnan

In 2009, Chazal et al. introduced $\epsilon$-interleavings of persistence modules. $\epsilon$-interleavings induce a pseudometric $d_I$ on (isomorphism classes of) persistence modules, the interleaving distance. The definitions of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Michael Lesnick

Computation of the interleaving distance between persistence modules is a central task in topological data analysis. For $1$-parameter persistence modules, thanks to the isometry theorem, this can be done by computing the bottleneck…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Tamal K. Dey , Cheng Xin

One of the main reasons for topological persistence being useful in data analysis is that it is backed up by a stability (isometry) property: persistence diagrams of $1$-parameter persistence modules are stable in the sense that the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Tamal K. Dey , Cheng Xin

We present a new language for persistent homology in terms of Galois connections. This language has two main advantages over traditional approaches. First, it simplifies and unifies central concepts such as interleavings and matchings.…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Aziz Burak Gulen , Alexander McCleary

Persistence modules are a central algebraic object arising in topological data analysis. The notion of interleaving provides a natural way to measure distances between persistence modules. We consider various classes of persistence modules,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Peter Bubenik , Tane Vergili

This work concerns the theoretical foundations of persistence-based topological data analysis. We develop theory of topological inference in the multidimensional persistence setting, and directly at the (topological) level of filtrations…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-06-08 Michael Lesnick

We show that computing the interleaving distance between two multi-graded persistence modules is NP-hard. More precisely, we show that deciding whether two modules are $1$-interleaved is NP-complete, already for bigraded, interval…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik , Magnus Bakke Botnan , Michael Kerber

Persistent homology is a way of determining the topological properties of a data set. It is well known that each persistence module admits the structure of a representation of a finite totally ordered set. In previous work, the authors…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-01 Killian Meehan , David Meyer

Interleaving distances are used widely in Topological Data Analysis (TDA) as a tool for comparing topological signatures of datasets. The theory of interleaving distances has been extended through various category-theoretic constructions,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Patrick K. McFaddin , Tom Needham

One of the central notions to emerge from the study of persistent homology is that of interleaving distance. It has found recent applications in symplectic and contact geometry, sheaf theory, computational geometry, and phylogenetics. Here…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Peter Bubenik , Vin de Silva , Jonathan Scott

The Isometry Theorem of Chazal et al. and Lesnick is a fundamental result in persistence theory, which states that the interleaving distance between two one-parameter persistence modules is equal to the bottleneck distance between their…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Mujtaba Ali , Tom Needham , Anastasios Stefanou , Ling Zhou

Interleaving distances provide a fundamental tool for comparing persistence modules and have been widely used in topological data analysis. Their definitions are typically based on translation structures (shift operations) on the indexing…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Toshitaka Aoki

In this work, we present a generalization of extended persistent homology to filtrations of graded sub-groups by defining relative homology in this setting. Our work provides a more comprehensive and flexible approach to get an algebraic…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-01 Fang Sun , Shengwen Xie , Xuezhi Zhao

The interleaving distance is arguably the most widely used metric in topological data analysis (TDA) due to its applicability to a wide array of inputs of interest, such as (multiparameter) persistence modules, Reeb graphs, merge trees, and…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Astrid A. Olave , Elizabeth Munch

The algebraic stability theorem for $\mathbb{R}$-persistence modules is a fundamental result in topological data analysis. We present a stability theorem for $n$-dimensional rectangle decomposable persistence modules up to a constant…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik

The persistence diagram of Cohen-Steiner, Edelsbrunner, and Harer was recently generalized by Patel to the case of constructible persistence modules with values in a symmetric monoidal category with images. Patel also introduced a distance…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Ville Puuska

We give formulas for calculating the interleaving distance between rectangle persistence modules that depend solely on the geometry of the underlying rectangles. Moreover, we extend our results to calculate the bottleneck distance for…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Mehmet Ali Batan , Claudia Landi , Mehmetcik Pamuk

In topological data analysis, we want to discern topological and geometric structure of data, and to understand whether or not certain features of data are significant as opposed to simply random noise. While progress has been made on…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-01-10 So Mang Han , Taylor Okonek , Nikesh Yadav , Xiaojun Zheng

We present a generalization of the induced matching theorem and use it to prove a generalization of the algebraic stability theorem for $\mathbb{R}$-indexed pointwise finite-dimensional persistence modules. Via numerous examples, we show…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Shaun Harker , Miroslav Kramar , Rachel Levanger , Konstantin Mischaikow
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