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A simple approach is proposed allowing actual calculations of the preequilibrium dynamics in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions to be performed for a far-from-equilibrium initial state. The method is based on the phenomenological…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-07-08 S. V. Akkelin , Yu. M. Sinyukov

Prethermalization of the equation of state and the kinetic temperature to their equilibrium values occurs on time scales dramatically shorter than the thermal equilibration time. This is a crucial ingredient for the understanding of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Berges , S. Borsanyi , C. Wetterich

We study thermalization slowing down of a quantum many-body spin system upon approach to two distinct integrability limits. Motivated by previous studies of classical systems, we identify two thermalization time scales: one quantum Lyapunov…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Budhaditya Bhattacharjee , Alexei Andreanov , Sergej Flach

In this work, which is based on our previously derived theoretical framework [1], we apply the truncated Born-Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy for ultracold bosonic systems with a fixed number of particles to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Sven Krönke , Peter Schmelcher

The Navier-Stokes equations, are understood as the result of the low-order expansion in powers of dimensionless rate of strain $\eta_{ij}=\tau_{0}S_{ij}$, where $\tau_{0}$ is the microscopic relaxation time of a close-to- thermodynamic…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Victor Yakhot , Hudong Chen , Ilia Staroselsky , John Wanderer , Raoyang Zhang

Isotropization occurs on time scales much shorter than the thermal equilibration time. This is a crucial ingredient for the understanding of collision experiments of heavy nuclei or other nonequilibrium phenomena in complex many body…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-05 J. Berges , Sz. Borsanyi , C. Wetterich

We derive the Hydrodynamics for a system of N active, spherical, underdamped particles, interacting through conservative forces. At the microscopic level, we represent the evolution of the particles in terms of the Kramers equation for the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-15 Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , Andrea Puglisi , Lorenzo Caprini

The Boltzmann distribution for an equilibrium system constrains the statistics of the system by the energetics. Despite the non-equilibrium generalization of the Boltzmann distribution being studied extensively, a unified framework valid…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-05 Atul Tanaji Mohite , Heiko Rieger

The fact that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium may seem puzzling, for example, because it may seem to conflict with the time-reversibility of the microscopic dynamics. We here prove that in a macroscopic quantum system for a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Sheldon Goldstein , Takashi Hara , Hal Tasaki

We study thermal equilibration after preheating in inflationary cosmology, which is an important step towards a comprehensive understanding of cosmic thermal history. By noticing that the problem is parallel to thermalization after a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-08-28 Robert Brandenberger , Ryo Namba , Rudnei O. Ramos

We consider the detailed structure of correlations in harmonic chains with pinning and a bulk velocity flip noise during the heat relaxation phase which occurs on diffusive time scales, for $t=O(L^2)$ where $L$ is the chain length. It has…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-30 Jani Lukkarinen , Matteo Marcozzi , Alessia Nota

The present work addresses the Cauchy problem for an abstract nonlinear system of coupled hyperbolic equations associated with the Timoshenko model in a real Hilbert space. Our purpose is to develop and delve into a temporal discretization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Jemal Rogava , Zurab Vashakidze

The dynamical scaling behavior of hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic moments of the distribution function is studied using third-order Chapman-Enskog hydrodynamics and anisotropic hydrodynamics for systems undergoing Bjorken and Gubser…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Ulrich Heinz , Subrata Pal , Gojko Vujanovic

This study proposes and explores a linear hydrodynamic thermo-elasticity system within mixture models, comprising fluid and solid phases, with a focus on biological tissues, particularly tumor-related phenomena. Although tumor growth is not…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-11 Michael Eden , Meraj Alam , Prakash Kumar , G P Raja Sekhar

We study the dynamics of relaxation and thermalization in an exactly solvable model with the goal of understanding the effects of off-shell processes. The focus is to compare the exact evolution of the distribution function with different…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-25 S. M. Alamoudi , D. Boyanovsky , H. J. de Vega , R. Holman

Using a holographic method, we further investigate the relaxation towards the hydrodynamic regime of a boost-invariant non-Abelian plasma taken out-of-equilibrium. In the dual description, the system is driven out-of-equilibrium by boundary…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 L. Bellantuono , P. Colangelo , F. De Fazio , F. Giannuzzi

In this work, closure of the Boltzmann--BGK moment hierarchy is accomplished via projection of the distribution function $f$ onto a space $\mathbb{H}^{N}$ spanned by $N$-order Hermite polynomials. While successive order approximations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-02-15 Carlos E. Colosqui

Ability of dynamical systems to relax to equilibrium has been investigated since the invention of statistical mechanics, which establishes the connection between dynamics of many-body Hamiltonian systems and phenomenological thermodynamics.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-01 K. S. Glavatskiy , V. L. Kulinskii

Whether and how a system approaches equilibrium is central in nonequilibrium statistical physics, crucial to understanding thermalization and transport. Bogoliubov's three-stage (initial, kinetic, and hydrodynamic) evolution hypothesis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-10 Weicheng Fu , Zhen Wang , Yisen Wang , Yong Zhang , Hong Zhao

The condition of thermal equilibrium simplifies the theoretical treatment of fluctuations as found in the celebrated Einstein's relation between mobility and diffusivity for Brownian motion. Several recent theories relax the hypothesis of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-10 Andrea Gnoli , Andrea Puglisi , Alessandro Sarracino , Angelo Vulpiani