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We present DMax, a new paradigm for efficient diffusion language models (dLLMs). It mitigates error accumulation in parallel decoding, enabling aggressive decoding parallelism while preserving generation quality. Unlike conventional masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zigeng Chen , Gongfan Fang , Xinyin Ma , Ruonan Yu , Xinchao Wang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) enable parallel decoding via iterative denoising, where remasking strategies play a critical role in balancing inference speed and output quality. Existing methods predominantly rely on static confidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xinhao Sun , Huaijin Zhao , Maoliang Li , Zihao Zheng , Jiayu Chen , Yun Liang , Xiang Chen

Diffusion Language models (DLMs) are a promising avenue for text generation due to their practical properties on tractable controllable generation. They also have the advantage of not having to predict text autoregressively. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sofia Maria Lo Cicero Vaina , Nikita Balagansky , Daniil Gavrilov

Domain-specific large language models (LLMs), typically developed by fine-tuning a pre-trained general-purpose LLM on specialized datasets, represent a significant advancement in applied AI. A common strategy in LLM fine-tuning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jing-Cheng Pang , Liu Sun , Chang Zhou , Xian Tang , Haichuan Ma , Kun Jiang , Jianlong Wang , Kai Zhang , Sijie Wu , Haoran Cai , Chenwei Wu , Xubin Li , Xin Chen

We introduce \textbf{Evo}, a duality latent trajectory model that bridges autoregressive (AR) and diffusion-based language generation within a continuous evolutionary generative framework. Rather than treating AR decoding and diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Tianyi Zhang , Kang Li , Jingkun Chen , Jiazhen Pan , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often rely on autoregressive (AR) Transformer decoder architectures, which limit efficient inference parallelization due to their sequential nature. To this end, non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tianzi Wang , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Zhaoqing Li , Shoukang Hu , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Mingyu Cui , Helen Meng , Xunying Liu

Diffusion-based large language models (DLLMs) have recently attracted growing interest as an alternative to autoregressive decoders. In this work, we present an empirical study on using the diffusion-based large language model LLaDA for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Mengqi Wang , Zhan Liu , Zengrui Jin , Guangzhi Sun , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language generation due to their potential for parallel decoding and global refinement of the entire sequence. To unlock this potential, DLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiang Xia , Wuyang Zhang , Jiazheng Liu , Cheng Yan , Yanyong Zhang

In this report, we explore the potential for text diffusion to replace autoregressive (AR) decoding for the training and deployment of large language models (LLMs). We are particularly interested to see whether pretrained AR models can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Kehang Han , Kathleen Kenealy , Aditya Barua , Noah Fiedel , Noah Constant

Auto-regressive models (ARMs) have established a dominant paradigm in language modeling. However, their strictly sequential decoding paradigm imposes fundamental constraints on both inference efficiency and modeling flexibility. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuyan Zhou , Kai Syun Hou , Weiyu Chen , James Kwok

Diffusion language models have recently emerged as a leading alternative to standard language models, due to their ability for bidirectional attention and parallel text generation. In this work, we explore variants for their use in speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Davyd Naveriani , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

A major bottleneck of standard auto-regressive large language models is that their inference process is inherently sequential, resulting in very long and costly inference times. To circumvent this, practitioners proposed a class of language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sitan Chen , Kevin Cong , Jerry Li

Machine learning (ML) models trained using Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) often exhibit systematic errors on specific subpopulations of tabular data, known as error slices. Learning robust representation in presence of error slices is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shantanu Ghosh , Tiankang Xie , Mikhail Kuznetsov

Unified architectures in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have shown promise in handling diverse tasks within a single framework. In the text-to-speech (TTS) task, current MLLM-based approaches rely on discrete token representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Xinlu He , Swayambhu Nath Ray , Harish Mallidi , Jia-Hong Huang , Ashwin Bellur , Chander Chandak , M. Maruf , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks is an essential stage of modern AI deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as the dominant fine-tuning paradigm, underpinning many state-of-the-art LLMs. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xin Qiu , Yulu Gan , Conor F. Hayes , Qiyao Liang , Yinggan Xu , Roberto Dailey , Elliot Meyerson , Babak Hodjat , Risto Miikkulainen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful paradigm for learning to make sequences of decisions. However, RL has yet to be fully leveraged in robotics, principally due to its lack of scalability. Offline RL offers a promising avenue by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Nicolas Espinosa-Dice , Kiante Brantley , Wen Sun

While Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising non-autoregressive paradigm comparable to autoregressive (AR) models, their faithfulness, specifically regarding hallucination, remains largely underexplored. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhengnan Guo , Fei Tan

In discrete generative modeling, two dominant paradigms demonstrate divergent capabilities: Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLM) excel at semantic understanding and zero-shot generalization, whereas Uniform-noise Diffusion Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yue Liu , Yuzhong Zhao , Zheyong Xie , Qixiang Ye , Jianbin Jiao , Yao Hu , Shaosheng Cao , Yunfan Liu

Autoregressive language models decode left-to-right with irreversible commitments, limiting revision during multi-step reasoning. We propose \textbf{VDLM}, a modular variable diffusion language model that separates semantic planning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shuhui Qu

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) show promising potential in one-step Real-World Image Super-Resolution (Real-ISR). Current one-step Real-ISR methods typically inject the low-quality (LQ) image latent representation at the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhiqiang Wu , Zhaomang Sun , Tong Zhou , Bingtao Fu , Ji Cong , Yitong Dong , Huaqi Zhang , Xuan Tang , Mingsong Chen , Xian Wei