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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated and ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) applications, ensuring their robustness, trustworthiness, and alignment with human values has become a critical challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Wrick Talukdar , Anjanava Biswas

In recent years, autonomous driving systems have made significant progress, yet ensuring their safety remains a key challenge. To this end, scenario-based testing offers a practical solution, and simulation-based methods have gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahui Wu , Chengjie Lu , Aitor Arrieta , Shaukat Ali

Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend remarkable capabilities of text-only large language models and vision-only models, and are able to learn from and process multi-modal vision-text input. While modern VLMs perform well on a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hannah Sterz , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have significantly improved performance in open-domain question answering (QA) by leveraging external knowledge. However, RALMs still struggle with unanswerable queries, where the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Seong-Il Park , Seung-Woo Choi , Na-Hyun Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built on powerful language backbones, have enabled Multimodal In-Context Learning (MICL)-adapting to new tasks from a few multimodal demonstrations consisting of images, questions, and answers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Shuo Chen , Jianzhe Liu , Zhen Han , Yan Xia , Daniel Cremers , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Natural Language Inference is a challenging task that has received substantial attention, and state-of-the-art models now achieve impressive test set performance in the form of accuracy scores. Here, we go beyond this single evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Vicente Ivan Sanchez Carmona , Jeff Mitchell , Sebastian Riedel

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha

Recent advances in large language models have enabled LLM-based agents to achieve strong performance on a variety of benchmarks. However, their performance in real-world deployments often that observed on benchmark settings, especially in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruipeng Wang , Yuxin Chen , Yukai Wang , Chang Wu , Junfeng Fang , Xiaodong Cai , Qi Gu , Hui Su , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Tat-Seng Chua

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision-language tasks but their remote sensing (RS) counterpart are relatively under explored. Unlike natural images, RS imagery presents unique challenges that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Abduljaleel Adejumo , Faegheh Yeganli , Clifford Broni-bediako , Aoran Xiao , Naoto Yokoya , Mennatullah Siam

The outstanding performance of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has made them widely applied in vision-related tasks. However, various corruptions in the real world mean that images will not be as ideal as in simulations, presenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chunyi Li , Jianbo Zhang , Zicheng Zhang , Haoning Wu , Yuan Tian , Wei Sun , Guo Lu , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai

We present the first comprehensive, large-scale study of training long-context vision language models up to 344K context, targeting long-document visual question answering with measured transfer to long-context text. While several such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Austin Veselka

With the extensive use of vision-language models in various downstream tasks, evaluating their robustness is crucial. In this paper, we propose a benchmark for assessing the robustness of vision-language models. We believe that a robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Seulki Park , Daeho Um , Hajung Yoon , Sanghyuk Chun , Sangdoo Yun , Jin Young Choi

Despite the superior capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) across diverse tasks, they still face significant trustworthiness challenges. Yet, current literature on the assessment of trustworthy MLLMs remains limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yichi Zhang , Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Chang Liu , Zhe Zhao , Zhengwei Fang , Yifan Wang , Huanran Chen , Xiao Yang , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

The popularity of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has triggered a recent surge in research efforts dedicated to evaluating these models. Nevertheless, existing evaluation studies of MLLMs primarily focus on the comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Xiaocui Yang , Wenfang Wu , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Daling Wang , Yang Li , Qi Sun , Yifei Zhang , Xiaoming Fu , Soujanya Poria

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), an increasing number of student models have leveraged LLMs to analyze textual artifacts generated by students to understand and evaluate their learning. These student models typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Jiayi Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mathematical reasoning within visual contexts across various datasets. However, most existing multimodal math benchmarks are limited to single-visual contexts,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peijie Wang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Xin Yang , Dekang Ran , Cheng-Lin Liu

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong performance on single-video tasks (e.g., video question answering), their capability for spatiotemporal pattern reasoning across multiple videos remains a critical gap in pattern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nannan Zhu , Yonghao Dong , Teng Wang , Xueqian Li , Shengjun Deng , Yijia Wang , Zheng Hong , Tiantian Geng , Guo Niu , Hanyan Huang , Xiongfei Yao , Shuaiwei Jiao

Downstream applications often require text classification models to be accurate and robust. While the accuracy of the state-of-the-art Language Models (LMs) approximates human performance, they often exhibit a drop in performance on noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhivar Sourati , Darshan Deshpande , Filip Ilievski , Kiril Gashteovski , Sascha Saralajew

Large language models are increasingly deployed as specialized agents that plan, call tools, and take actions over extended horizons. Yet many existing evaluations assume a "clean interface" where dynamics are specified and stable, tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka
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