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Tool learning has generated widespread interest as a vital means of interaction between Large Language Models (LLMs) and the physical world. Current research predominantly emphasizes LLMs' capacity to utilize tools in well-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

We introduce two new benchmarks REST and REST+ (Render-Equivalence Stress Tests) to enable systematic evaluation of cross-modal inconsistency in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs are trained to represent vision and language in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Angela van Sprang , Laurens Samson , Ana Lucic , Erman Acar , Sennay Ghebreab , Yuki M. Asano

Enterprise LLM applications require consistently high quality and reliable performance across diverse scenarios, demanding robustness to minor variations. Existing research shows that even small prompt changes can lead to substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tara Bogavelli , Oluwanifemi Bamgbose , Gabrielle Gauthier Melançon , Fanny Riols , Roshnee Sharma

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong potential as multilingual Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, as evidenced by existing GUI benchmarks. However, these benchmarks exhibit two primary limitations: (1) although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ruihan Chen , Qiming Li , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Xiaoliang Yang , Yuxuan Gu , Zekun Zhou , Yunfei Lu , Haoyu Ren , Kun Chen , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in web-related tasks, but evaluating their performance in the web domain remains a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Junpeng Liu , Yifan Song , Bill Yuchen Lin , Wai Lam , Graham Neubig , Yuanzhi Li , Xiang Yue

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on Web data that might contain spelling errors made by humans. But do they become robust to similar real-world noise? In this paper, we investigate the effect of real-world spelling mistakes on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Amirhossein Aliakbarzadeh , Lucie Flek , Akbar Karimi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising cornerstone for the development of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, ensuring the robustness of LLMs remains a critical challenge. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Pankaj Kumar , Subhankar Mishra

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant advances in integrating visual and linguistic information, yet their ability to reason about complex and real-world scenarios remains limited. The existing benchmarks are…

Multimodal image-text models have shown remarkable performance in the past few years. However, evaluating robustness against distribution shifts is crucial before adopting them in real-world applications. In this work, we investigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Jielin Qiu , Yi Zhu , Xingjian Shi , Florian Wenzel , Zhiqiang Tang , Ding Zhao , Bo Li , Mu Li

Visual Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their reliability under small, meaning-preserving input changes remains poorly understood. We present the first large-scale, systematic study of VLM robustness to benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Amir Rosenfeld , Neta Glazer , Ethan Fetaya

In recent years, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on a wide range of multimodal benchmarks. Despite these advances, most existing benchmarks mainly focus on single-image or multi-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Bingli Wang , Huanze Tang , Haijun Lv , Zhishan Lin , Lixin Gu , Lei Feng , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen

It is now common practice in software development for large language models (LLMs) to be used to generate program code. It is desirable to evaluate the robustness of LLMs for this usage. This paper is concerned in particular with how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

In recent years, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance in OCR-centric Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, illustrating their capability to process heterogeneous data and exhibit adaptability across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Chen Duan , Zhentao Guo , Pei Fu , Zining Wang , Kai Zhou , Pengfei Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly strong contenders in machine translation. In this work, we focus on document-level translation, where some words cannot be translated without context from outside the sentence. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Incorporating external knowledge is crucial for knowledge-intensive tasks, such as question answering and fact checking. However, language models (LMs) may ignore relevant information that contradicts outdated parametric memory or be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lovisa Hagström , Youna Kim , Haeun Yu , Sang-goo Lee , Richard Johansson , Hyunsoo Cho , Isabelle Augenstein

Robustness evaluation for Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) systems is essential because real-world database environments are dynamic, noisy, and continuously evolving, whereas conventional benchmark evaluations typically assume static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Lifu Tu , Rongguang Wang , Tao Sheng , Sujjith Ravi , Dan Roth

Large language models (LLMs) often present answers with high apparent confidence despite lacking an explicit mechanism for reasoning about certainty or truth. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate single-turn accuracy, truthfulness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Mohammadreza Saadat , Steve Nemzer

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn dialogue and other sustained interactive scenarios, it is essential to understand how extended context affects their performance. Popular benchmarks, focusing primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Robert Hankache , Kingsley Nketia Acheampong , Liang Song , Marek Brynda , Raad Khraishi , Greig A. Cowan

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have expanded beyond natural language processing to scientific prediction tasks, including molecular property prediction. However, their effectiveness in in-context learning remains…