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Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing with their impressive reasoning and question-answering capabilities. However, these models are sometimes prone to generating credible-sounding but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ranganath Krishnan , Piyush Khanna , Omesh Tickoo

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Semantic understanding of programs has attracted great attention in the community. Inspired by recent successes of large language models (LLMs) in natural language understanding, tremendous progress has been made by treating programming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jianyu Zhao , Yuyang Rong , Yiwen Guo , Yifeng He , Hao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating text that closely resemble human writing. However, they often generate factually incorrect statements, a problem typically referred to as 'hallucination'.…

Greybox fuzzing has emerged as a preferred technique for discovering software bugs, striking a balance between efficiency and depth of exploration. While research has focused on improving fuzzing techniques, the importance of high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Wenxuan Shi , Yunhang Zhang , Xinyu Xing , Jun Xu

The prevalent use of large language models (LLMs) in various domains has drawn attention to the issue of "hallucination," which refers to instances where LLMs generate factually inaccurate or ungrounded information. Existing techniques for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Junyu Luo , Cao Xiao , Fenglong Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in natural language generation, but remain susceptible to hallucination. In response to growing concerns about hallucinations, several benchmarks have been developed, primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Aisha Alansari , Hamzah Luqman

Large language model (LLM)-based techniques have achieved notable progress in generating harnesses for program fuzzing. However, applying them to arbitrary functions (especially internal functions) \textit{at scale} remains challenging due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Kang Yang , Yunhang Zhang , Zichuan Li , Guanhong Tao , Jun Xu , Xiaojing Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, yet their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, where adversarial inputs bypass safety mechanisms to elicit harmful outputs, poses significant security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qingchao Shen , Zibo Xiao , Lili Huang , Enwei Hu , Yongqiang Tian , Junjie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in fluency but risk producing inaccurate content, called "hallucinations." This paper outlines a standardized process for categorizing fine-grained hallucination types and proposes an innovative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Kunquan Deng , Zeyu Huang , Chen Li , Chenghua Lin , Min Gao , Wenge Rong

Fuzzing has become a commonly used approach to identifying bugs in complex, real-world programs. However, interpreters are notoriously difficult to fuzz effectively, as they expect highly structured inputs, which are rarely produced by most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Christopher Salls , Chani Jindal , Jake Corina , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Context-grounded hallucinations are cases where model outputs contain information not verifiable against the source text. We study the applicability of LLMs for localizing such hallucinations, as a more practical alternative to existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yehonatan Peisakhovsky , Zorik Gekhman , Yosi Mass , Liat Ein-Dor , Roi Reichart

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities but also a concerning tendency to hallucinate. This paper presents RefChecker, a framework that introduces claim-triplets to represent claims in LLM responses, aiming to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xiangkun Hu , Dongyu Ru , Lin Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Tianhang Zhang , Yang Xu , Yun Luo , Pengfei Liu , Yue Zhang , Zheng Zhang

A fuzzer provides randomly generated inputs to a targeted software to expose erroneous behavior. To efficiently detect defects, generated inputs should conform to the structure of the input format and thus, grammars can be used to generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Martin Eberlein , Yannic Noller , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Junyi Li , Jie Chen , Ruiyang Ren , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their propensity for hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect or fabricated content, remains a critical challenge. This report provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Manuel Cossio

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate summaries of software bug reports, including sections such as Steps-to-Reproduce (S2R), Actual Behavior (AB), and Expected Behavior (EB). However, these models frequently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hinduja Nirujan , Shreyas Patil , Abdallah Ayoub , Ahmad Abdel Latif , Gouri Ginde

Fuzzing is a widely used software security testing technique that is designed to identify vulnerabilities in systems by providing invalid or unexpected input. Continuous fuzzing systems like OSS-FUZZ have been successful in finding security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chaitanya Rahalkar

Tool-augmented LLM agents increasingly rely on multi-step, multi-tool workflows to complete real tasks. This design expands the attack surface, because data produced by one tool can be persisted and later reused as input to another tool,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiangrong Wu , Zitong Yao , Yuhong Nan , Zibin Zheng