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Related papers: Bridging the Knowledge-Prediction Gap in LLMs on M…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently prioritize conflicting in-context information over pre-existing parametric memory, a phenomenon often termed sycophancy or compliance. However, the mechanistic realization of this behavior remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Long Zhang , Fangwei Lin

As language models (LMs) become integral to fields like healthcare, law, and journalism, their ability to differentiate between fact, belief, and knowledge is essential for reliable decision-making. Failure to grasp these distinctions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mirac Suzgun , Tayfun Gur , Federico Bianchi , Daniel E. Ho , Thomas Icard , Dan Jurafsky , James Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

In language models (LMs), intra-memory knowledge conflict largely arises when inconsistent information about the same event is encoded within the model's parametric knowledge. While prior work has primarily focused on resolving conflicts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Minh Vu Pham , Hsuvas Borkakoty , Yufang Hou

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

Evaluating Video Language Models (VLMs) is a challenging task. Due to its transparency, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) is widely used to measure the performance of these models through accuracy. However, existing MCQA benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Olga Loginova , Oleksandr Bezrukov , Ravi Shekhar , Alexey Kravets

To tackle the problem of domain-specific knowledge scarcity within large language models (LLMs), knowledge graph-retrievalaugmented method has been proven to be an effective and efficient technique for knowledge infusion. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zhouyu Jiang , Ling Zhong , Mengshu Sun , Jun Xu , Rui Sun , Hui Cai , Shuhan Luo , Zhiqiang Zhang

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performances in user-facing tasks such as question answering, as well as consistent improvements in reasoning capabilities. Still, the way these models encode knowledge seems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Davide Cavicchini , Fausto Giunchiglia , Jacopo Staiano

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in open-ended, real-world environments where inputs are messy, underspecified, and not always trustworthy. Unlike curated benchmarks, these settings frequently involve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Qianqi Yan , Hongquan Li , Shan Jiang , Yang Zhao , Xinze Guan , Ching-Chen Kuo , Xin Eric Wang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs), such as GPTs, have attained great impact worldwide. However, how to adapt these LLMs to better suit the vertical domain-specific tasks by utilizing external knowledge remains not completely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Peng Fu , Yiming Zhang , Haobo Wang , Weikang Qiu , Junbo Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning, positioning them as promising tools for supporting human problem-solving. However, what happens when their performance is affected by misinformation, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yiyang Feng , Yichen Wang , Shaobo Cui , Boi Faltings , Mina Lee , Jiawei Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have learned vast amounts of factual knowledge through self-supervised pre-training on large-scale corpora. Meanwhile, LLMs have also demonstrated excellent multilingual capabilities, which can express the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Pengfei Cao , Yuheng Chen , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on web-scale corpora that exhibit steep power-law distributions, in which the distribution of knowledge is highly long-tailed, with most appearing infrequently. While scaling has improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah , Nehal Kathrotia

The study explores mitigating overconfidence bias in LLMs to improve their reliability. We introduce a knowledge transfer (KT) method utilizing chain of thoughts, where "big" LLMs impart knowledge to "small" LLMs via detailed, sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haoyan Yang , Yixuan Wang , Xingyin Xu , Hanyuan Zhang , Yirong Bian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and understanding, yet their reliance on implicit, unstructured knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies and limited interpretability. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qinggang Zhang

Despite remarkable advances, large language models often fail at compositional reasoning tasks, a phenomenon exemplified by the ``curse of two-hop reasoning''. This paper introduces the Identity Bridge, a simple yet powerful mechanism that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pengxiao Lin , Zheng-An Chen , Zhi-Qin John Xu

In this paper, we focus on the challenging task of reliably estimating factual knowledge that is embedded inside large language models (LLMs). To avoid reliability concerns with prior approaches, we propose to eliminate prompt engineering…

It is important for Large Language Models (LLMs) to be aware of the boundary of their knowledge, distinguishing queries they can confidently answer from those that lie beyond their capabilities. Such awareness enables models to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lihu Chen , Gerard de Melo , Fabian M. Suchanek , Gaël Varoquaux

Optimizing training performance in large language models (LLMs) remains an essential challenge, particularly in improving model performance while maintaining computational costs. This work challenges the conventional approach of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chun-Hao Yang , Bo-Han Feng , Tzu-Yuan Lai , Yan Yu Chen , Yin-Kai Dean Huang , Shou-De Lin

Evaluating and Rethinking the current landscape of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), we observe that widely-used visual-language projection approaches (e.g., Q-former or MLP) focus on the alignment of image-text descriptions yet ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Min Zhang