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Language models trained on large-scale corpus often generate content that is harmful, toxic, or contrary to human preferences, making their alignment with human values a critical concern. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jixiang Hong , Quan Tu , Changyu Chen , Xing Gao , Ji Zhang , Rui Yan

Alignment via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become the dominant paradigm for controlling the quality of outputs from large language models (LLMs). However, existing theories do not provide strong justification for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jihun Yun , Juno Kim , Jongho Park , Junhyuck Kim , Jongha Jon Ryu , Jaewoong Cho , Kwang-Sung Jun

Knowledge distillation, i.e., one classifier being trained on the outputs of another classifier, is an empirically very successful technique for knowledge transfer between classifiers. It has even been observed that classifiers learn much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Mary Phuong , Christoph H. Lampert

Knowledge Distillation (KD), aiming to train a better student model by mimicking the teacher model, plays an important role in model compression. One typical way is to align the output logits. However, we find a common issue named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Runming Yang , Taiqiang Wu , Yujiu Yang

Large-scale pre-training has been proven to be crucial for various computer vision tasks. However, with the increase of pre-training data amount, model architecture amount, and the private/inaccessible data, it is not very efficient or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ruifei He , Shuyang Sun , Jihan Yang , Song Bai , Xiaojuan Qi

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses neural networks by learning a small network (student) via transferring knowledge from a pre-trained large network (teacher). Many endeavours have been devoted to the image domain, while few works focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ping Li , Chenhao Ping , Wenxiao Wang , Mingli Song

Compared to standard language model (LM) pretraining (i.e., from scratch), Knowledge Distillation (KD) entails an additional forward pass through a teacher model that is typically substantially larger than the target student model. As such,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Minh Duc Bui , Fabian David Schmidt , Goran Glavaš , Katharina von der Wense

To put a state-of-the-art neural network to practical use, it is necessary to design a model that has a good trade-off between the resource consumption and performance on the test set. Many researchers and engineers are developing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 SeongUk Park , KiYoon Yoo , Nojun Kwak

Knowledge distillation (KD) has become a widely used technique in the field of model compression, which aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a lightweight student model for efficient network development. In addition to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Weichao Lan , Yiu-ming Cheung , Qing Xu , Buhua Liu , Zhikai Hu , Mengke Li , Zhenghua Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has played an important role in improving the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Some studies apply RL directly to \textit{smaller} base models (known as zero-RL) and also achieve notable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiao Hu , Xingyu Lu , Liyuan Mao , YiFan Zhang , Tianke Zhang , Bin Wen , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective method for model compression and transferring knowledge between models. However, its effect on model's robustness against spurious correlations that degrade performance on out-of-distribution data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jiali Cheng , Chirag Agarwal , Hadi Amiri

Knowledge distillation (KD) aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. Previous work applying KD in the field of large language models (LLMs) typically focused on the post-training phase, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hao Peng , Xin Lv , Yushi Bai , Zijun Yao , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a model compression algorithm that helps transfer the knowledge of a large neural network into a smaller one. Even though KD has shown promise on a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Tianda Li , Ahmad Rashid , Aref Jafari , Pranav Sharma , Ali Ghodsi , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Recommender systems suffer from biases that cause the collected feedback to incompletely reveal user preference. While debiasing learning has been extensively studied, they mostly focused on the specialized (called counterfactual) test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 SeongKu Kang , Jianxun Lian , Dongha Lee , Wonbin Kweon , Sanghwan Jang , Jaehyun Lee , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Hwanjo Yu

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective contrastive knowledge distillation framework that achieves sample-wise logit alignment while preserving semantic consistency. Conventional knowledge distillation approaches exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Wencheng Zhu , Xin Zhou , Pengfei Zhu , Yu Wang , Qinghua Hu

On-policy distillation (OPD) is an increasingly important paradigm for post-training language models. However, we identify a pervasive Scaling Law of Miscalibration: while OPD effectively improves task accuracy, it systematically traps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Zhang , Xiangyu Peng , Qinglin Chen , Qinyuan Ye , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

The prevailing approach to distilling reasoning from Large Language Models (LLMs)-behavioral cloning from textual rationales-is fundamentally limited. It teaches Small Language Models (SLMs) to mimic surface-level patterns rather than the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiangyu Wen , Junhua Huang , Zeju Li , Min Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Zhijian Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Yongxiang Huang , Qiang Xu

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across industries has increased the demand for high-quality and customizable outputs. However, traditional alignment methods often require retraining large pretrained models, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yi Liu , Dianqing Liu , Mingye Zhu , Junbo Guo , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been considered as a key solution in model compression and acceleration in recent years. In KD, a small student model is generally trained from a large teacher model by minimizing the divergence between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Raed Alharbi , Minh N. Vu , My T. Thai

Originally proposed as a method for knowledge transfer from one model to another, some recent studies have suggested that knowledge distillation (KD) is in fact a form of regularization. Perhaps the strongest argument of all for this new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Md Arafat Sultan