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Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

On-policy distillation is an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning, offering dense token-level training signals. However, its reliance on a stronger external teacher has driven recent work on on-policy self-distillation, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xin Yu , Liuchen Liao , Yiwen Zhang , Yingchen Yu , Lingzhou Xue , Qinzhen Guo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are often difficult to deploy due to significant computational requirements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Vijay Goyal , Mustafa Khan , Aprameya Tirupati , Harveer Saini , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Knowledge Distillation (KD) aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. While contrastive learning has shown promise in self-supervised learning by creating discriminative representations, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Nikolaos Giakoumoglou , Tania Stathaki

Medical foundation models pre-trained on large-scale datasets have shown powerful versatile performance. However, when adapting medical foundation models for specific medical scenarios, it remains the inevitable challenge due to the gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Siyuan Du , Yuhang Zhou , Haolin Li , Jiangchao Yao , Haishuai Wang , Hui Lin , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Knowledge distillation (KD) has recently emerged as an efficacious scheme for learning compact deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite the promising results achieved, the rationale that interprets the behavior of KD has yet remained largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Mengqi Xue , Jie Song , Xinchao Wang , Ying Chen , Xingen Wang , Mingli Song

Advanced reasoning typically requires Chain-of-Thought prompting, which is accurate but incurs prohibitive latency and substantial test-time inference costs. The standard alternative, fine-tuning smaller models, often sacrifices…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah

Continual learning, involving sequential training on diverse tasks, often faces catastrophic forgetting. While knowledge distillation-based approaches exhibit notable success in preventing forgetting, we pinpoint a limitation in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zenglin Shi , Pei Liu , Tong Su , Yunpeng Wu , Kuien Liu , Yu Song , Meng Wang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a highly promising method for mitigating the computational problems of pre-trained language models (PLMs). Among various KD approaches, Intermediate Layer Distillation (ILD) has been a de facto standard KD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jongwoo Ko , Seungjoon Park , Minchan Jeong , Sukjin Hong , Euijai Ahn , Du-Seong Chang , Se-Young Yun

Knowledge distillation is a model compression technique in which a compact "student" network is trained to replicate the predictive behavior of a larger "teacher" network. In logit-based knowledge distillation, it has become the de facto…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ejafa Bassam , Dawei Zhu , Kaigui Bian

Feature-based knowledge distillation has been applied to compress modern recommendation models, usually with projectors that align student (small) recommendation models' dimensions with teacher dimensions. However, existing studies have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhangchi Zhu , Wei Zhang

Language model (LM) post-training (or alignment) involves maximizing a reward function that is derived from preference annotations. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a popular offline alignment method that trains a policy directly on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Adam Fisch , Jacob Eisenstein , Vicky Zayats , Alekh Agarwal , Ahmad Beirami , Chirag Nagpal , Pete Shaw , Jonathan Berant

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) post-training have leveraged two distinct paradigms to enhance reasoning capabilities: reinforcement learning (RL) and knowledge distillation (KD). While RL enables the emergence of complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hongling Xu , Qi Zhu , Heyuan Deng , Jinpeng Li , Lu Hou , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Ruifeng Xu , Fei Mi

Knowledge Distillation (KD), which transfers the knowledge of a well-trained large model (teacher) to a small model (student), has become an important area of research for practical deployment of recommender systems. Recently, Relaxed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Youngjune Lee , Kee-Eung Kim

Post-training alignment of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge, as not all tokens contribute equally to model performance. This paper introduces a selective alignment strategy that prioritizes high-impact tokens within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhijin Dong

In the field of large language models (LLMs), Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a critical technique for transferring capabilities from teacher models to student models. However, existing KD methods face limitations and challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yixing Li , Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Dequan Wang , Yu Cheng , Furu Wei

We aim to identify how different components in the KD pipeline affect the resulting performance and how much the optimal KD pipeline varies across different datasets/tasks, such as the data augmentation policy, the loss function, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Haoyu He , Xingjian Shi , Jonas Mueller , Zha Sheng , Mu Li , George Karypis

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a technique for transferring knowledge from complex teacher models to simpler student models, significantly enhancing model efficiency and accuracy. It has demonstrated substantial advancements in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Junjie Yang , Junhao Song , Xudong Han , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Yichao Zhang , Qian Niu , Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Liu

Knowledge distillation (KD) is one of the most potent ways for model compression. The key idea is to transfer the knowledge from a deep teacher model (T) to a shallower student (S). However, existing methods suffer from performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Mengya Gao , Yujun Shen , Quanquan Li , Chen Change Loy

Knowledge distillation has emerged as a highly effective method for bridging the representation discrepancy between large-scale models and lightweight models. Prevalent approaches involve leveraging appropriate metrics to minimize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Zikai Zhou , Yunhang Shen , Shitong Shao , Linrui Gong , Shaohui Lin