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In this work, we propose Dimple, the first Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Large Language Model (DMLLM). We observe that training with a purely discrete diffusion approach leads to significant training instability, suboptimal performance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Runpeng Yu , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

Visual counterfactual explanations aim to reveal the minimal semantic modifications that can alter a model's prediction, providing causal and interpretable insights into deep neural networks. However, existing diffusion-based counterfactual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Changlu Guo , Anders Nymark Christensen , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Morten Rieger Hannemose

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a compelling alternative to autoregressive generation, offering parallel generation and improved global coherence. During inference, DLMs generate text by iteratively denoising…

Discrete diffusion models offer global context awareness and flexible parallel generation. However, uniform random noise schedulers in standard DLLM training overlook the highly non-uniform information density inherent in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Linrui Ma , Yufei Cui , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities that benefits from online reinforcement learning (RL). These capabilities have primarily been demonstrated within the left-to-right autoregressive (AR)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Siyan Zhao , Devaansh Gupta , Qinqing Zheng , Aditya Grover

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) promise parallel generation and bidirectional context, yet they underperform autoregressive (AR) models in both likelihood modeling and generated text quality. We identify that this performance gap arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Diffusion language models promise parallel generation, yet still lag behind autoregressive (AR) models in quality. We stem this gap to a failure of introspective consistency: AR models agree with their own generations, while DLMs often do…

We introduce the first watermark tailored for diffusion language models (DLMs), an emergent LLM paradigm able to generate tokens in arbitrary order, in contrast to standard autoregressive language models (ARLMs) which generate tokens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Thibaud Gloaguen , Robin Staab , Nikola Jovanović , Martin Vechev

Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) have recently gained traction as a viable generative framework for natural language. This can be attributed to its scalability and ease of training compared to other diffusion model paradigms for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tejomay Kishor Padole , Suyash P Awate , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Language Models (ARLMs), leveraging a denoising objective that, in principle, should enable more uniform context utilisation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Julianna Piskorz , Cristina Pinneri , Alvaro Correia , Motasem Alfarra , Risheek Garrepalli , Christos Louizos

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) enable fully parallel token decoding but often remain impractical at inference time due to the many denoising iterations required to refine an information-free, fully masked initialization into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tongyuan Miao , Gary Huang , Kai Jun Han , Annie Jiang

To better support information retrieval tasks such as web search and open-domain question answering, growing effort is made to develop retrieval-oriented language models, e.g., RetroMAE and many others. Most of the existing works focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Yingxia Shao , Zhao Cao

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) have emerged as the de facto approach for high-fidelity image synthesis, operating diffusion processes on continuous VAE latent, which significantly differ from the text generation methods employed by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xiaoping Wu , Jie Hu , Xiaoming Wei

Code generation is increasingly critical for real-world applications. Still, diffusion-based large language models continue to struggle with this demand. Unlike free-form text, code requires syntactic precision; even minor structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yiming Zeng , Jinghan Cao , Zexin Li , Yiming Chen , Tao Ren , Zhuochun Li , Dawei Xiang , Xidong Wu , Shangqian Gao , Tingting Yu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to autoregressive approaches, enabling parallel text generation with competitive performance. Despite these advantages, there is a critical instability in DLMs: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zihou Zhang , Zheyong Xie , Li Zhong , Haifeng Liu , Yao Hu , Shaosheng Cao
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