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Artificial neural networks thrive in solving the classification problem for a particular rigid task, acquiring knowledge through generalized learning behaviour from a distinct training phase. The resulting network resembles a static entity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Matthias De Lange , Rahaf Aljundi , Marc Masana , Sarah Parisot , Xu Jia , Ales Leonardis , Gregory Slabaugh , Tinne Tuytelaars

Large language models exhibit remarkable performance across diverse tasks through pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms. However, continual fine-tuning on sequential tasks induces catastrophic forgetting, where newly acquired knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov

Despite remarkable successes achieved by modern neural networks in a wide range of applications, these networks perform best in domain-specific stationary environments where they are trained only once on large-scale controlled data…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Pouya Bashivan , Martin Schrimpf , Robert Ajemian , Irina Rish , Matthew Riemer , Yuhai Tu

Continual learning refers to the capability of a machine learning model to learn and adapt to new information, without compromising its performance on previously learned tasks. Although several studies have investigated continual learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jingrui Hou , Georgina Cosma , Axel Finke

The continual learning problem involves training models with limited capacity to perform well on a set of an unknown number of sequentially arriving tasks. While meta-learning shows great potential for reducing interference between old and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Liam Paull

Modeling long-range dependencies in sequential data remains a central challenge in machine learning. Transformers address this challenge through attention mechanisms, but their quadratic complexity with respect to sequence length limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hoang-Quan Nguyen , Sankalp Pandey , Khoa Luu

A growing body of research in continual learning focuses on the catastrophic forgetting problem. While many attempts have been made to alleviate this problem, the majority of the methods assume a single model in the continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Thang Doan , Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar

CLIP-based domain generalization aims to improve model generalization to unseen domains by leveraging the powerful zero-shot classification capabilities of CLIP and multiple source datasets. Existing methods typically train a single model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuhe Ding , Jian Liang , Bo Jiang , Zi Wang , Aihua Zheng , Bin Luo

Continual learning (CL) is one of the most promising trends in recent machine learning research. Its goal is to go beyond classical assumptions in machine learning and develop models and learning strategies that present high robustness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Kamil Faber , Dominik Zurek , Marcin Pietron , Nathalie Japkowicz , Antonio Vergari , Roberto Corizzo

Foundation models have transformed machine learning through large-scale pretraining and increased test-time compute. Despite surpassing human performance in several domains, these models remain fundamentally limited in continuous operation,…

Classifying the training data correctly without over-fitting is one of the goals in machine learning. In this paper, we propose a generalization-memorization mechanism, including a generalization-memorization decision and a memory modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zhen Wang , Yuan-Hai Shao

Multimodal continual instruction tuning enables multimodal large language models to sequentially adapt to new tasks while building upon previously acquired knowledge. However, this continual learning paradigm faces the significant challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Songze Li , Mingyu Gao , Tonghua Su , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

Continual learning (CL) is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to evolving real-world demands, yet they are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting (CF). While traditional CF solutions rely on expensive data rehearsal, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huanxuan Liao , Shizhu He , Yupu Hao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Rehearsal-based methods have shown superior performance in addressing catastrophic forgetting in continual learning (CL) by storing and training on a subset of past data alongside new data in current task. While such a concurrent rehearsal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Junze Deng , Qinhang Wu , Peizhong Ju , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) occurs when a neural network loses the information previously learned while training on a set of samples from a different distribution, i.e., a new task. Existing approaches have achieved remarkable results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

Existing Continual Learning (CL) approaches have focused on addressing catastrophic forgetting by leveraging regularization methods, replay buffers, and task-specific components. However, realistic CL solutions must be shaped not only by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jinyung Hong , Theodore P. Pavlic

Foundation models update slowly due to resource-intensive training, whereas domain-specific models evolve rapidly between releases. Model merging seeks to combine multiple expert models into a single, more capable model, reducing storage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yongxian Wei , Runxi Cheng , Weike Jin , Enneng Yang , Li Shen , Lu Hou , Sinan Du , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models becomes available over time. Unfortunately, these models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Longxiang Gao , Yong Xiang

Continual learning (CL) aims to empower models to learn new tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Most prior works concentrate on the techniques of architectures, replay data, regularization, \etc. However, the category…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bolin Ni , Hongbo Zhao , Chenghao Zhang , Ke Hu , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Shiming Xiang