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Psychovisual models suggest human vision decouples low-level feature extraction from higher cognition by first forming intermediate abstractions. In contrast, deep learning-based vision models routinely extract and aggregate features using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wendi Ma , Aryaman Sharma , Wei Dai , Shekhar S. Chandra

The interpretability of neural networks has recently received extensive attention. Previous prototype-based explainable networks involved prototype activation in both reasoning and interpretation processes, requiring specific explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yitao Peng , Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Lianghua He

Denoising diffusion models produce high-fidelity image samples by capturing the image distribution in a progressive manner while initializing with a simple distribution and compounding the distribution complexity. Although these models have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ayantika Das , Moitreya Chaudhuri , Koushik Bhat , Keerthi Ram , Mihail Bota , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

Visual image reconstruction from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a fundamental task in brain decoding, providing a crucial pathway for understanding human perceptual mechanisms and developing advanced brain-computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yudan Ren , Pengcheng Shi , Zihan Ma , Xiaowei He , Xiao Li

Image reconstruction and captioning from brain activity evoked by visual stimuli allow researchers to further understand the connection between the human brain and the visual perception system. While deep generative models have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Weijian Mai , Zhijun Zhang

Reconstructing visual stimuli from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI enables fine-grained retrieval of brain activity. However, the accurate reconstruction of diverse details, including structure, background, texture, color, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Haoyu Li , Hao Wu , Badong Chen

Brain decoding, a pivotal field in neuroscience, aims to reconstruct stimuli from acquired brain signals, primarily utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Currently, brain decoding is confined to a per-subject-per-model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Shizun Wang , Songhua Liu , Zhenxiong Tan , Xinchao Wang

Modern visual generative models acquire rich visual knowledge through large-scale training, yet existing visual representations (such as pixels, latents, or tokens) remain external to the model and cannot directly exploit this knowledge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zongyu Guo , Jiajun He , Zhaoyang Jia , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jiahao Li , Xiao Li , Bin Li , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Yan Lu

Cognitive brain imaging is accumulating datasets about the neural substrate of many different mental processes. Yet, most studies are based on few subjects and have low statistical power. Analyzing data across studies could bring more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-20 Arthur Mensch , Julien Mairal , Bertrand Thirion , Gaël Varoquaux

What visual information is encoded in individual brain regions, and how do distributed patterns combine to create their neural representations? Prior work has used generative models to replicate known category selectivity in isolated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haomiao Chen , Keith W Jamison , Mert R. Sabuncu , Amy Kuceyeski

Understanding how the brain encodes external stimuli and how these stimuli can be decoded from the measured brain activities are long-standing and challenging questions in neuroscience. In this paper, we focus on reconstructing the complex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-05 Sikun Lin , Thomas Sprague , Ambuj K Singh

As generative technologies advance, visual content has evolved into a complex mix of natural and AI-generated images, driving the need for more efficient coding techniques that prioritize perceptual quality. Traditional codecs and learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jianhui Chang

Reconstructing human dynamic vision from brain activity is a challenging task with great scientific significance. Although prior video reconstruction methods have made substantial progress, they still suffer from several limitations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yizhuo Lu , Changde Du , Chong Wang , Xuanliu Zhu , Liuyun Jiang , Xujin Li , Huiguang He

The reconstruction of visual information from brain activity fosters interdisciplinary integration between neuroscience and computer vision. However, existing methods still face challenges in accurately recovering highly complex visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Shiyi Zhang , Dong Liang , Hairong Zheng , Yihang Zhou

This study introduces a pioneering approach in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, featuring our novel concept of complex visual imagery for non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG)-based communication. Complex visual imagery, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Byoung-Hee Kwon

Visual decoding from brain signals is a key challenge at the intersection of computer vision and neuroscience, requiring methods that bridge neural representations and computational models of vision. A field-wide goal is to achieve…

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated an unparalleled ability to generate high-quality, diverse images from a textual prompt. However, the internal representations learned by these models remain an enigma. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Hila Chefer , Oran Lang , Mor Geva , Volodymyr Polosukhin , Assaf Shocher , Michal Irani , Inbar Mosseri , Lior Wolf

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems power the world we live in. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to solve tasks in an ever-expanding landscape of scenarios, but our eagerness to apply these powerful models leads us to focus on their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Loris Giulivi , Mark James Carman , Giacomo Boracchi

Recent progress in brain-guided image generation has improved the quality of fMRI-based reconstructions; however, fundamental challenges remain in preserving object-level structure and semantic fidelity. Many existing approaches overlook…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Mohammad Moradi , Morteza Moradi , Marco Grassia , Giuseppe Mangioni

In the past five years, the use of generative and foundational AI systems has greatly improved the decoding of brain activity. Visual perception, in particular, can now be decoded from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-15 Yohann Benchetrit , Hubert Banville , Jean-Rémi King