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Large language models (LLMs) have made impressive progress in handling simple math problems, yet they still struggle with more challenging and complex mathematical tasks. In this paper, we introduce a series of LLMs that employs the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengpeng Li , Guanting Dong , Mingfeng Xue , Ru Peng , Xiang Wang , Dayiheng Liu

The automated extraction of structured questions from paper-based mathematics exams is fundamental to intelligent education, yet remains challenging in real-world settings due to severe visual noise. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chenyue Zhou , Jiayi Tuo , Shitong Qin , Wei Dai , Mingxuan Wang , Ziwei Zhao , Duoyang Li , Shiyang Su , Yanxi Lu , Yanbiao Ma

Digital memcomputing machines (DMMs) have been designed to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems. Since DMMs are fundamentally classical dynamical systems, their ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be efficiently…

Students' handwritten math work provides a rich resource for diagnosing cognitive skills, as it captures intermediate reasoning beyond final answers. We investigate how current large language models (LLMs) perform in diagnosing cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yoonsu Kim , Hyoungwook Jin , Hayeon Doh , Eunhye Kim , Dongyun Jung , Seungju Kim , Kiyoon Choi , Jinho Son , Juho Kim

Recent advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have fostered the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can solve an immense variety of tasks. One of the key aspects of their application is their ability to work with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Igor Churin , Murat Apishev , Maria Tikhonova , Denis Shevelev , Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Sergej Averkiev , Alena Fenogenova

Advances in large language models (LLMs) enable many new innovations in education. However, evaluating the effectiveness of new technology requires real students, which is time-consuming and hard to scale up. Therefore, many recent works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Alexander Scarlatos , Jaewook Lee , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated using human-crafted benchmarks, under the premise that higher scores implicitly reflect stronger human-like performance. However, there is growing concern that LLMs may ``game" these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zhikai Lei , Tianyi Liang , Hanglei Hu , Jin Zhang , Yunhua Zhou , Yunfan Shao , Linyang Li , Chenchui Li , Changbo Wang , Hang Yan , Qipeng Guo

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Large Language Models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in real-world applications, validating their capacity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Cheston Tan

This paper introduces a novel approach to create a high-resolution "map" for physics learning: an "atomic" learning objectives (LOs) system designed to capture detailed cognitive processes and concepts required for problem solving in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Naiming Liu , Shashank Sonkar , Debshila Basu Mallick , Richard Baraniuk , Zhongzhou Chen

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced new possibilities and challenges in physics education, necessitating rigorous evaluation of their capabilities as both problem solvers and automated assessors. This paper…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-25 Jonah R. Donaldson , Aliya Navaz , Konstantinos Doran , Alysta Lim , Mario Campanelli

Mathematical reasoning poses significant challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its demand for multi-step reasoning and abstract conceptual integration. While recent test-time scaling techniques rely heavily on high-quality,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Zhuofan Chen , Jiyuan He , Yichi Zhang , Xing Hu , Haoxing Wen , Jun Bai , Wenge Rong

This paper introduces a novel benchmark dataset designed to evaluate the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) on tasks that combine visual reasoning with subject-specific background knowledge in the German language. In contrast to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 René Peinl , Vincent Tischler

Benchmarks for competition-style reasoning have advanced evaluation in mathematics and programming, yet physics remains comparatively explored. Most existing physics benchmarks evaluate only final answers, which fail to capture reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wanjia Zhao , Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Shirley Wu , Jiaqi Han , Yijia Xiao , Si-Yuan Chen , Xiao Luo , Ludwig Schmidt , James Zou

In this paper, we present the LingOly benchmark, a novel benchmark for advanced reasoning abilities in large language models. Using challenging Linguistic Olympiad puzzles, we evaluate (i) capabilities for in-context identification and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andrew M. Bean , Simi Hellsten , Harry Mayne , Jabez Magomere , Ethan A. Chi , Ryan Chi , Scott A. Hale , Hannah Rose Kirk

The ability of large language models to solve complex mathematical problems has progressed significantly, particularly for tasks requiring advanced reasoning. However, the scarcity of sufficiently challenging problems, particularly at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Jian Guan , Lingpeng Kong

Recent reports claim that large language models (LLMs) now outperform elite humans in competitive programming. Drawing on knowledge from a group of medalists in international algorithmic contests, we revisit this claim, examining how LLMs…

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on many reasoning benchmarks, yet these evaluations typically focus on isolated tasks that differ from real-world usage in task-oriented dialogue (TOD). In this setting, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ivan Kartáč , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

This study explores the performance of large language models (LLMs) in solving competitive programming problems from the Romanian Informatics Olympiad at the county level. Romania, a leading nation in computer science competitions, provides…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Adrian Marius Dumitran , Adrian Catalin Badea , Stefan-Gabriel Muscalu

The use of large language models (LLMs) for complex mathematical reasoning is an emergent area of research, with fast progress in methods, models, and benchmark datasets. However, most mathematical reasoning evaluations exhibit a…

The current evaluation of mathematical skills in LLMs is limited, as existing benchmarks are either relatively small, primarily focus on elementary and high-school problems, or lack diversity in topics. Additionally, the inclusion of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Konstantin Chernyshev , Vitaliy Polshkov , Ekaterina Artemova , Alex Myasnikov , Vlad Stepanov , Alexei Miasnikov , Sergei Tilga