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In the realm of Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), the accurate assessment of students' knowledge states through Knowledge Tracing (KT) is crucial for personalized learning. However, due to data bias, $\textit{i.e.}$, the unbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yiyun Zhou , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang , Jingyuan Chen

Student performance prediction is one of the most important subjects in educational data mining. As a modern technology, machine learning offers powerful capabilities in feature extraction and data modeling, providing essential support for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yawen Chen , Jiande Sun , Jinhui Wang , Liang Zhao , Xinmin Song , Linbo Zhai

Implicit feedback (e.g., clicks, dwell times, etc.) is an abundant source of data in human-interactive systems. While implicit feedback has many advantages (e.g., it is inexpensive to collect, user centric, and timely), its inherent biases…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Thorsten Joachims , Adith Swaminathan , Tobias Schnabel

Walley's Imprecise Dirichlet Model (IDM) for categorical data overcomes several fundamental problems which other approaches to uncertainty suffer from. Yet, to be useful in practice, one needs efficient ways for computing the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-16 Marcus Hutter

Many statisticians regularly teach large lecture courses on statistics, probability, or mathematics for students from other fields such as business and economics, social sciences and psychology, etc. The corresponding exams often use a…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-06 Achim Zeileis

This study systematically reviews the transformative role of Tutoring Systems, encompassing Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and Robot Tutoring Systems (RTS), in addressing global educational challenges through advanced technologies. As…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Vincent Liu , Ehsan Latif , Xiaoming Zhai

An artificial intelligence (AI) model can be viewed as a function that maps inputs to outputs in high-dimensional spaces. Once designed and well trained, the AI model is applied for inference. However, even optimized AI models can produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Sha Hu

Resource limitations make it hard to provide all students with one of the most effective educational interventions: personalized instruction. Reinforcement learning could be a key tool to reduce the development cost and improve the…

Rankings are the primary interface through which many online platforms match users to items (e.g. news, products, music, video). In these two-sided markets, not only the users draw utility from the rankings, but the rankings also determine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Marco Morik , Ashudeep Singh , Jessica Hong , Thorsten Joachims

Evaluation of students' performance for the completion of courses has been a major problem for both students and faculties during the work-from-home period in this COVID pandemic situation. To this end, this paper presents an in-depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Vipul Bansal , Himanshu Buckchash , Balasubramanian Raman

Measurement bridges theory and empirics. Without measures that appropriately capture theoretical concepts, description will fail to represent reality and true causal inference will be impossible. Yet, the social sciences traffic in complex…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-29 Marco Morucci , Margaret Foster , Kaitlyn Webster , So Jin Lee , David Siegel

Research on intelligent tutoring systems has been exploring data-driven methods to deliver effective adaptive assistance. While much work has been done to provide adaptive assistance when students seek help, they may not seek help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Mehak Maniktala , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes

This paper addresses a significant gap in explainable AI: the necessity of interpreting epistemic uncertainty in model explanations. Although current methods mainly focus on explaining predictions, with some including uncertainty, they fail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Helena Löfström , Tuwe Löfström , Johan Hallberg Szabadvary

Most datasets suffer from partial or complete missing values, which has downstream limitations on the available models on which to test the data and on any statistical inferences that can be made from the data. Several imputation techniques…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-09 Adrienne Kline , Yuan Luo

This paper studies the item-to-item recommendation problem in recommender systems from a new perspective of metric learning via implicit feedback. We develop and investigate a personalizable deep metric model that captures both the internal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Trong Nghia Hoang , Anoop Deoras , Tong Zhao , Jin Li , George Karypis

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the number of large language models (LLMs), yet efficiently managing and utilizing these vast resources remains a significant challenge. In this work, we explore how to learn compact representations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jianhao Chen , Chenxu Wang , Gengrui Zhang , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Wei Hu , Yuzhong Qu , Shuyue Hu

We develop stochastic variational inference, a scalable algorithm for approximating posterior distributions. We develop this technique for a large class of probabilistic models and we demonstrate it with two probabilistic topic models,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-04-24 Matt Hoffman , David M. Blei , Chong Wang , John Paisley

Item response theory (IRT) models typically rely on a normality assumption for subject-specific latent traits, which is often unrealistic in practice. Semiparametric extensions based on Dirichlet process mixtures offer a more flexible…

Deep learning has produced big advances in artificial intelligence, but trained neural networks often reflect and amplify bias in their training data, and thus produce unfair predictions. We propose a novel measure of individual fairness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Krystal Maughan , Joseph P. Near

Accuracy-based evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) measures benchmark-specific performance rather than underlying medical competency: it treats all questions as equally informative, conflates model ability with item characteristics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhimeng Luo , Lixin Wu , Adam Frisch , Daqing He