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Efficient LLM inference research has largely focused on reducing the cost of each decoding step (e.g., using quantization, pruning, or sparse attention), typically applying a uniform computation budget to every generated token. In practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Sequence prediction models can be learned from example sequences with a variety of training algorithms. Maximum likelihood learning is simple and efficient, yet can suffer from compounding error at test time. Reinforcement learning such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Bowen Tan , Zhiting Hu , Zichao Yang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Eric Xing

Cutting planes are crucial in solving mixed integer linear programs (MILP) as they facilitate bound improvements on the optimal solution. Modern MILP solvers rely on a variety of separators to generate a diverse set of cutting planes by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Sirui Li , Wenbin Ouyang , Max B. Paulus , Cathy Wu

We address the problem of production planning and distribution in multi-echelon supply chains. We consider uncertain demands and lead times which makes the problem stochastic and non-linear. A Markov Decision Process formulation and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Julio César Alves , Geraldo Robson Mateus

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is widely employed for modeling combinatorial optimization problems. In practice, similar MILP instances with only coefficient variations are routinely solved, and machine learning (ML) algorithms are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Qingyu Han , Linxin Yang , Qian Chen , Xiang Zhou , Dong Zhang , Akang Wang , Ruoyu Sun , Xiaodong Luo

This paper surveys the trend of leveraging machine learning to solve mixed integer programming (MIP) problems. Theoretically, MIP is an NP-hard problem, and most of the combinatorial optimization (CO) problems can be formulated as the MIP.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jiayi Zhang , Chang Liu , Junchi Yan , Xijun Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an optimal control algorithm with strong stability and robustness guarantees. Despite its popularity in robotics and industrial applications, the main challenge in deploying MPC is its high computation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Camilo Gonzalez , Houshyar Asadi , Lars Kooijman , Chee Peng Lim

Nowadays refinery optimization utilizes sheer amounts of data, which can be handled with modern Linear Programming (LP) software, but the interpreting and applying the results remains challenging. Large petrochemical companies use massive…

Automatic static cost analysis infers information about the resources used by programs without actually running them with concrete data, and presents such information as functions of input data sizes. Most of the analysis tools for logic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Louis Rustenholz , Maximiliano Klemen , Miguel Ángel Carreira-Perpiñán , Pedro López-García

In this paper, we consider the network slicing problem which attempts to map multiple customized virtual network requests (also called services) to a common shared network infrastructure and allocate network resources to meet diverse…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Wei-Kun Chen , Ya-Feng Liu , Yu-Hong Dai , Zhi-Quan Luo

Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a fundamental and powerful framework for modeling complex optimization problems across diverse domains. Recently, learning-based methods have shown great promise in accelerating MILP solvers by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianle Pu , Zijie Geng , Haoyang Liu , Shixuan Liu , Jie Wang , Li Zeng , Chao Chen , Changjun Fan

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is central to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks with verifiable rewards. However, standard token-level PPO struggles in this setting due to the instability of temporal credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Tianyi Wang , Yixia Li , Long Li , Yibiao Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Machine-learned interatomic potentials (MILPs) are rapidly gaining interest for molecular modeling, as they provide a balance between quantum-mechanical level descriptions of atomic interactions and reasonable computational efficiency.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Gustavo R. Pérez-Lemus , Yinan Xu , Yezhi Jin , Pablo F. Zubieta Rico , Juan J. de Pablo

Policy iteration (PI) is a recursive process of policy evaluation and improvement for solving an optimal decision-making/control problem, or in other words, a reinforcement learning (RL) problem. PI has also served as the fundamental for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Jaeyoung Lee , Richard S. Sutton

The Robust Markov Decision Process (RMDP) framework focuses on designing control policies that are robust against the parameter uncertainties due to the mismatches between the simulator model and real-world settings. An RMDP problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil

Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Junbo Li , Peng Zhou , Rui Meng , Meet P. Vadera , Lihong Li , Yang Li

We propose a framework for the stability verification of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) representable control policies. This framework compares a fixed candidate policy, which admits an efficient parameterization and can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-02 Roland Schwan , Colin N. Jones , Daniel Kuhn

Model predictive control (MPC) is increasingly being considered for control of fast systems and embedded applications. However, the MPC has some significant challenges for such systems. Its high computational complexity results in high…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Eivind Bøhn , Sebastien Gros , Signe Moe , Tor Arne Johansen

Application of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to problems with hybrid dynamical systems, disjoint constraints, or discrete controls often results in mixed-integer formulations with both continuous and discrete decision variables.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-24 Christopher A. Orrico , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Dinesh Krishnamoorthy

This work studies reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of multi-period supply chains subject to constraints, e.g., on production and inventory. We introduce Distributional Constrained Policy Optimization (DCPO), a novel approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jaime Sabal Bermúdez , Antonio del Rio Chanona , Calvin Tsay