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Software is one of the most powerful tools that we humans have at our disposal; it allows a skilled programmer to interact with the world in complex and profound ways. At the same time, thanks to improvements in large language models…

While artificial intelligence (AI) has become widespread, many commercial AI systems are not yet accessible to individual researchers nor the general public due to the deep knowledge of the systems required to use them. We believe that AI…

Computational materials science and chemistry span vast knowledge domains and fractured software ecosystems. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated research capabilities, scaling monolithic agents to manage the rigor and…

As artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms make further inroads into society, calls are increasing from multiple stakeholders for these algorithms to explain their outputs. At the same time, these stakeholders, whether they…

In recent decades the set of knowledge, tools and practices, collectively referred to as "artificial intelligence" (AI), have become a mainstay of scientific research. Artificial intelligence techniques have not only developed enormously…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-26 Floriana Gargiulo , Sylvain Fontaine , Michel Dubois , Paola Tubaro

With the advent of large multimodal language models, science is now at a threshold of an AI-based technological transformation. An emerging ecosystem of models and tools aims to support researchers throughout the scientific lifecycle,…

AI agents are emerging as a practical way to run multi-step scientific workflows that interleave reasoning with tool use and verification, pointing to a shift from isolated AI-assisted steps toward \emph{agentic science at scale}. This…

Autonomous systems that generate scientific hypotheses, conduct experiments, and draft manuscripts have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for accelerating discovery. However, existing AI Scientists remain largely domain-agnostic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hongtao Wu , Boyun Zheng , Dingjie Song , Yu Jiang , Jianfeng Gao , Lei Xing , Lichao Sun , Yixuan Yuan

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how research is conceived, conducted, and communicated across fields from chemistry to biomedicine. This commentary examines how AI is transforming the research workflow. AI systems now help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Maksim E. Eren , Dorianis M. Perez

Increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into scientific workflows will result in an increasing technical debt as the distance between the data scientists and engineers who develop AI system components and scientists,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Iain Barclay , Harrison Taylor , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Dinesh Verma , Geeth de Mel

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping scientific discovery, evolving from specialized computational tools into autonomous research partners. We position Agentic Science as a pivotal stage within the broader AI for Science paradigm,…

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will bring with it an ever-increasing willingness to cede decision-making to machines. But rather than just giving machines the power to make decisions that affect us, we need ways to work…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Elisa Bertino , Finale Doshi-Velez , Maria Gini , Daniel Lopresti , David Parkes

The realm of data science, once reserved for specialists, is undergoing a revolution with the rapid emergence of generative AI, particularly through tools like ChatGPT. This paper posits ChatGPT as a pivotal bridge, drastically lowering the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Ryan Lingo

The potential risk of AI systems unintentionally embedding and reproducing bias has attracted the attention of machine learning practitioners and society at large. As policy makers are willing to set the standards of algorithms and AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Boris Ruf , Chaouki Boutharouite , Marcin Detyniecki

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools can now help people perform complex data science tasks regardless of their expertise. While these tools have great potential to help more people work with data, their end-to-end approach does…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Venkatesh Sivaraman , Patrick Vossler , Adam Perer , Julian Hong , Jean Feng

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent systems are increasingly used for scientific tasks, yet their practical capability remains constrained by the narrow scope of manually curated tools they can invoke. Much scientific computational…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shimin Di , Xujie Yuan , Hanghui Guo , Chaoqian Ouyang , Yongxu Liu , Ling Yue , Zhangze Chen , Libin Zheng , Jia Zhu , Shaowu Pan , Jian Yin , Yong Rui , Min-Ling Zhang

Research in Artificial Intelligence is breaking technology barriers every day. New algorithms and high performance computing are making things possible which we could only have imagined earlier. Though the enhancements in AI are making life…

In the upcoming decade, deep learning may revolutionize the natural sciences, enhancing our capacity to model and predict natural occurrences. This could herald a new era of scientific exploration, bringing significant advancements across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Shuaiwen Leon Song , Bonnie Kruft , Minjia Zhang , Conglong Li , Shiyang Chen , Chengming Zhang , Masahiro Tanaka , Xiaoxia Wu , Jeff Rasley , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Connor Holmes , Martin Cai , Adam Ghanem , Zhongzhu Zhou , Yuxiong He , Pete Luferenko , Divya Kumar , Jonathan Weyn , Ruixiong Zhang , Sylwester Klocek , Volodymyr Vragov , Mohammed AlQuraishi , Gustaf Ahdritz , Christina Floristean , Cristina Negri , Rao Kotamarthi , Venkatram Vishwanath , Arvind Ramanathan , Sam Foreman , Kyle Hippe , Troy Arcomano , Romit Maulik , Maxim Zvyagin , Alexander Brace , Bin Zhang , Cindy Orozco Bohorquez , Austin Clyde , Bharat Kale , Danilo Perez-Rivera , Heng Ma , Carla M. Mann , Michael Irvin , J. Gregory Pauloski , Logan Ward , Valerie Hayot , Murali Emani , Zhen Xie , Diangen Lin , Maulik Shukla , Ian Foster , James J. Davis , Michael E. Papka , Thomas Brettin , Prasanna Balaprakash , Gina Tourassi , John Gounley , Heidi Hanson , Thomas E Potok , Massimiliano Lupo Pasini , Kate Evans , Dan Lu , Dalton Lunga , Junqi Yin , Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang , Mallikarjun Shankar , Isaac Lyngaas , Xiao Wang , Guojing Cong , Pei Zhang , Ming Fan , Siyan Liu , Adolfy Hoisie , Shinjae Yoo , Yihui Ren , William Tang , Kyle Felker , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Hang Liu , Ashwin Aji , Angela Dalton , Michael Schulte , Karl Schulz , Yuntian Deng , Weili Nie , Josh Romero , Christian Dallago , Arash Vahdat , Chaowei Xiao , Thomas Gibbs , Anima Anandkumar , Rick Stevens

We present the AI Cosmologist, an agentic system designed to automate cosmological/astronomical data analysis and machine learning research workflows. This implements a complete pipeline from idea generation to experimental evaluation and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-07 Adam Moss