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Large Language Models have revolutionized natural language processing, achieving unprecedented success across a vast range of tasks. However, their practical application in long-context scenarios is severely hampered by the formidable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Enwei Tong , Yao Zhu , Yuanchao Bai , Kai Wang , Xianming Liu , Xiangyang Ji

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs), yet systems remain susceptible to two critical flaws: providing correct answers without explicit grounded evidence and producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Zichen Ding , Xiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their immense number of parameters and complex transformer-based architectures result in significant resource…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tianhao Tang , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

Prevailing methods for training Large Language Models (LLMs) as text encoders rely on contrastive losses that treat the model as a black box function, discarding its generative and reasoning capabilities in favor of static embeddings. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiashuo Sun , Shixuan Liu , Zhaochen Su , Xianrui Zhong , Pengcheng Jiang , Bowen Jin , Peiran Li , Weijia Shi , Jiawei Han

Compiler pass selection and phase ordering present a significant challenge in achieving optimal program performance, particularly for objectives like code size reduction. Standard compiler heuristics offer general applicability but often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haolin Pan , Chao Zha , Jinyuan Dong , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu

Prompt engineering is a challenging and important task due to the high sensitivity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to the given prompt and the inherent ambiguity of a textual task instruction. Automatic prompt engineering is essential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elad Levi , Eli Brosh , Matan Friedmann

Prompt engineering plays a critical role in adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex reasoning and labeling tasks without the need for extensive fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt optimization pipeline for frame…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Do Minh Duc , Quan Xuan Truong , Nguyen Tat Dat , Nguyen Van Vinh

Prompt compression methods enhance the efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) and minimize the cost by reducing the length of input context. The goal of prompt compression is to shorten the LLM prompt while maintaining a high generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tinghui Zhang , Yifan Wang , Daisy Zhe Wang

LLM agents acting in structured environments fail in operational rather than conversational ways, and reliability depends on procedural knowledge of the environment. Prior self-improvement methods accumulate natural-language guidance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Johannes Moll , Jean-Philippe Corbeil , Jiazhen Pan , Martin Hadamitzky , Daniel Rueckert , Lisa Adams , Keno Bressem

In real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), noise from inherent stochasticity of environments is inevitable. However, current policy evaluation algorithms, which plays a key role in many RL algorithms, are either prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Tadashi Kozuno , Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya

Gradient-free prompt optimization methods have made significant strides in enhancing the performance of closed-source Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. However, existing approaches make light of the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Muchen Yang , Moxin Li , Yongle Li , Zijun Chen , Chongming Gao , Junqi Zhang , Yangyang Li , Fuli Feng

Prompt-based continual learning (CL) provides a parameter-efficient approach for adapting large language models (LLMs) across task sequences. However, most existing methods rely on task-aware inference and maintain a growing set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Anushka Tiwari , Sayantan Pal , Rohini K. Srihari , Kaiyi Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks due to their extensive general knowledge of the world. Recent works discovered that the performance of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Yuze Liu , Tingjie Liu , Tiehua Zhang , Youhua Xia , Jinze Wang , Zhishu Shen , Jiong Jin , Fei Richard Yu

Communication compression is a crucial technique for modern distributed learning systems to alleviate their communication bottlenecks over slower networks. Despite recent intensive studies of gradient compression for data parallel-style…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Jue Wang , Binhang Yuan , Luka Rimanic , Yongjun He , Tri Dao , Beidi Chen , Christopher Re , Ce Zhang

Prompt engineering has proven to be a crucial step in leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) in solving various real-world tasks. Numerous solutions have been proposed that seek to automate prompt engineering by using the model…

Prompt engineering for large language models (LLMs) is often a manual time-intensive process that involves generating, evaluating, and refining prompts iteratively to ensure high-quality outputs. While there has been work on automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Derek Austin , Elliott Chartock

Recent studies have demonstrated that many layers are functionally redundant in large language models (LLMs), enabling model compression by removing these layers to reduce inference cost. While such approaches can improve efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kainan Liu , Yong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Zhitao Li , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their successful application to a broad range of tasks. However, in information-intensive tasks, the prompt length can grow fast, leading to increased computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weronika Łajewska , Momchil Hardalov , Laura Aina , Neha Anna John , Hang Su , Lluís Màrquez

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances coding tasks by incorporating retrieved code examples into prompts. However, lengthy prompts, often exceeding tens of thousands of tokens, introduce challenges related to limited context windows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Pengfei He , Shaowei Wang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Prompting is the primary way to utilize the multitask capabilities of language models (LMs), but prompts occupy valuable space in the input context window, and repeatedly encoding the same prompt is computationally inefficient. Finetuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jesse Mu , Xiang Lisa Li , Noah Goodman
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