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Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to process graph-structured data is an active research area, yet current state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on multi-step pipelines with Graph Neural Network (GNN) encoders that compress rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dario Vajda

Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videos (TSGV) aims to detect the event timestamps described by the natural language query from untrimmed videos. This paper discusses the challenge of achieving efficient computation in TSGV models while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Renjie Liang , Yiming Yang , Hui Lu , Li Li

Large visual-language models (LVLMs) integrate aligned large language models (LLMs) with visual modules to process multimodal inputs. However, the safety mechanisms developed for text-based LLMs do not naturally extend to visual modalities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Wujia Niu , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

While large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, they often function as opaque black boxes, trained on vast unlabeled datasets with statistical objectives, lacking an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingbing Huang , Deming Chen , Abhishek K. Umrawal

As LLMs increasingly impact safety-critical applications, ensuring their safety using guardrails remains a key challenge. This paper proposes GuardReasoner, a new safeguard for LLMs, by guiding the guard model to learn to reason.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yue Liu , Hongcheng Gao , Shengfang Zhai , Yufei He , Jun Xia , Zhengyu Hu , Yulin Chen , Xihong Yang , Jiaheng Zhang , Stan Z. Li , Hui Xiong , Bryan Hooi

With the rise of generative AI and rapid growth of high-quality video generation, video guardrails have become more crucial than ever to ensure safety and security across platforms. Current video guardrails, however, are either overly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Zhaorun Chen , Francesco Pinto , Minzhou Pan , Bo Li

With the recent proliferation of large language models (LLMs), enterprises have been able to rapidly develop proof-of-concepts and prototypes. As a result, there is a growing need to implement robust guardrails that monitor, quantize and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Aaron Zheng , Mansi Rana , Andreas Stolcke

The rapid advancement of large language model (LLM) agents has raised new concerns regarding their safety and security. In this paper, we propose GuardAgent, the first guardrail agent to protect target agents by dynamically checking whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhen Xiang , Linzhi Zheng , Yanjie Li , Junyuan Hong , Qinbin Li , Han Xie , Jiawei Zhang , Zidi Xiong , Chulin Xie , Carl Yang , Dawn Song , Bo Li

To enhance the safety of VLMs, this paper introduces a novel reasoning-based VLM guard model dubbed GuardReasoner-VL. The core idea is to incentivize the guard model to deliberatively reason before making moderation decisions via online RL.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yue Liu , Shengfang Zhai , Mingzhe Du , Yulin Chen , Tri Cao , Hongcheng Gao , Cheng Wang , Xinfeng Li , Kun Wang , Junfeng Fang , Jiaheng Zhang , Bryan Hooi

With the ability to generate high-quality images, text-to-image (T2I) models can be exploited for creating inappropriate content. To prevent misuse, existing safety measures are either based on text blacklists, which can be easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Runtao Liu , Ashkan Khakzar , Jindong Gu , Qifeng Chen , Philip Torr , Fabio Pizzati

Current approaches to LLM safety fundamentally rely on a brittle cat-and-mouse game of identifying and blocking known threats via guardrails. We argue for a fresh approach: robust safety comes not from enumerating what is harmful, but from…

While LLM-based agents can interact with environments via invoking external tools, their expanded capabilities also amplify security risks. Monitoring step-level tool invocation behaviors in real time and proactively intervening before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yutao Mou , Zhangchi Xue , Lijun Li , Peiyang Liu , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye , Jing Shao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have revolutionized vision-language understanding but remain vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks, where adversarial inputs are meticulously crafted to elicit harmful or inappropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Sejoon Oh , Yiqiao Jin , Megha Sharma , Donghyun Kim , Eric Ma , Gaurav Verma , Srijan Kumar

Laboratories are prone to severe injuries from minor unsafe actions, yet continuous safety monitoring -- beyond mandatory pre-lab safety training -- is limited by human availability. Vision language models (VLMs) offer promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Trishna Chakraborty , Udita Ghosh , Aldair Ernesto Gongora , Ruben Glatt , Yue Dong , Jiachen Li , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Speech forensic tasks (SFTs), such as automatic speaker recognition (ASR), speech emotion recognition (SER), gender recognition (GR), and age estimation (AE), find use in different security and biometric applications. Previous works have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-18 Orchid Chetia Phukan , Devyani Koshal , Swarup Ranjan Behera , Arun Balaji Buduru , Rajesh Sharma

Continually pre-training a large language model on heterogeneous text domains, without replay or task labels, has remained an unsolved architectural problem at LLM scale. Existing methods rely on replay buffers, task identifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Anurup Ganguli

Recently, the development of open-source large language models (LLMs) has advanced rapidly. Nevertheless, due to data constraints, the capabilities of most open-source LLMs are primarily focused on English. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Shih-Cheng Huang , Pin-Zu Li , Yu-Chi Hsu , Kuang-Ming Chen , Yu Tung Lin , Shih-Kai Hsiao , Richard Tzong-Han Tsai , Hung-yi Lee

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing; however, their safety mechanisms remain under-explored in low-resource, multilingual settings. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. In particular, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yujia Hu , Ming Shan Hee , Preslav Nakov , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) across enterprise and mission-critical domains has underscored the urgent need for robust guardrailing systems that ensure safety, reliability, and compliance. Existing solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Karthik Avinash , Nikhil Pareek , Rishav Hada

Representation learning on text-attributed graphs (TAGs), where nodes are represented by textual descriptions, is crucial for textual and relational knowledge systems and recommendation systems. Currently, state-of-the-art embedding methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yi Fang , Dongzhe Fan , Sirui Ding , Ninghao Liu , Qiaoyu Tan