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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in various applications, but they still face various inconsistency issues. Existing works primarily focus on the inconsistency issues within a single LLM, while we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

While recent works have been considerably improving the quality of the natural language explanations (NLEs) generated by a model to justify its predictions, there is very limited research in detecting and alleviating inconsistencies among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Myeongjun Jang , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Oana-Maria Camburu

Collaborative content creation inevitably reaches situations where different points of view lead to conflict. We focus on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia anyone may edit, where disputes about content in controversial articles often reflect…

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) for tasks like fact extraction in support of knowledge graph construction frequently involves computing accuracy metrics using a ground truth benchmark based on a knowledge graph (KG). These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Bradley P. Allen , Paul T. Groth

Large language models (LLMs) excel in generating fluent utterances but can lack reliable grounding in verified information. At the same time, knowledge-graph-based fact-checkers deliver precise and interpretable evidence, yet suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Shaghayegh Kolli , Richard Rosenbaum , Timo Cavelius , Lasse Strothe , Andrii Lata , Jana Diesner

Attribution and fact verification are critical challenges in natural language processing for assessing information reliability. While automated systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) aim to retrieve and select concise evidence to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Guy Alt , Eran Hirsch , Serwar Basch , Ido Dagan , Oren Glickman

In light of recent legal allegations brought by publishers, newspapers, and other creators of copyrighted corpora against large language model developers who use their copyrighted materials for training or fine-tuning purposes, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Devam Mondal , Carlo Lipizzi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are nondeterministic, the same input can generate different outputs, some of which may be incorrect or hallucinated. If run again, the LLM may correct itself and produce the correct answer. Unfortunately,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yoonjoo Lee , Kihoon Son , Tae Soo Kim , Jisu Kim , John Joon Young Chung , Eytan Adar , Juho Kim

The reliability of large language models (LLMs) is greatly compromised by their tendency to hallucinate, underscoring the need for precise identification of knowledge gaps within LLMs. Various methods for probing such gaps exist, ranging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Raoyuan Zhao , Abdullatif Köksal , Ali Modarressi , Michael A. Hedderich , Hinrich Schütze

Wikipedia is the largest online encyclopedia: its open contribution policy allows everyone to edit and share their knowledge. A challenge of radical openness is that it facilitates introducing biased contents or perspectives in Wikipedia.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Puyu Yang , Giovanni Colavizza

Large Language Models (LLMs) are essential for analyzing and addressing vulnerabilities in cybersecurity. However, among over 200,000 vulnerabilities were discovered in the past decade, more than 30,000 have been changed or updated. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ziyin Zhou , Jianyi Zhang , Xu ji , Yilong Li , Jiameng Han , Zhangchi Zhao

While hallucinations of large language models (LLMs) prevail as a major challenge, existing evaluation benchmarks on factuality do not cover the diverse domains of knowledge that the real-world users of LLMs seek information about. To…

Open information extraction (OIE) systems extract relations and their arguments from natural language text in an unsupervised manner. The resulting extractions are a valuable resource for downstream tasks such as knowledge base…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Kiril Gashteovski , Sebastian Wanner , Sven Hertling , Samuel Broscheit , Rainer Gemulla

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

Wikipedia is a critical resource for modern NLP, serving as a rich repository of up-to-date and citation-backed information on a wide variety of subjects. The reliability of Wikipedia -- its groundedness in its cited sources -- is vital to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 William Walden , Kathryn Ricci , Miriam Wanner , Zhengping Jiang , Chandler May , Rongkun Zhou , Benjamin Van Durme

Wikipedia's contents are based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Harshdeep Singh , Robert West , Giovanni Colavizza

Large language models (LLMs) have recently driven striking performance improvements across a range of natural language processing tasks. The factual knowledge acquired during pretraining and instruction tuning can be useful in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xuming Hu , Junzhe Chen , Xiaochuan Li , Yufei Guo , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Zhijiang Guo

KGCleaner is a framework to identify and correct errors in data produced and delivered by an information extraction system. These tasks have been understudied and KGCleaner is the first to address both. We introduce a multi-task model that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Ankur Padia , Francis Ferraro , Tim Finin

There are over a billion websites on the Internet that can potentially serve as sources of information on various topics. One of the most popular examples of such an online source is Wikipedia. This public knowledge base is co-edited by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Włodzimierz Lewoniewski , Krzysztof Węcel , Witold Abramowicz

Large language models hallucinate factual claims and struggle to ground their outputs in retrievable evidence, particularly in non-English languages. Existing resources impose a trade-off: structured knowledge bases lack textual grounding,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yingli Shen , Wen Lai , Jie Zhou , Xueren Zhang , Yudong Wang , Kangyang Luo , Shuo Wang , Ge Gao , Alexander Fraser , Maosong Sun