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Neural network quantization is frequently used to optimize model size, latency and power consumption for on-device deployment of neural networks. In many cases, a target bit-width is set for an entire network, meaning every layer get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yin Huang , Chirag Patel , Tijmen Blankevoort

Quantum computation is a subject of much theoretical promise, but has not been realized in large scale, despite the discovery of fault-tolerant procedures to overcome decoherence. Part of the reason is that the theoretically modest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Debbie W. Leung

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) converts pre-trained Full-Precision (FP) models into quantized versions without training. While existing methods reduce size and computational costs, they also significantly degrade performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Boyang Zhang , Daning Cheng , Yunquan Zhang , Jiake Tian , Jing Li , Fangming Liu

Large DNNs with mixed-precision quantization can achieve ultra-high compression while retaining high classification performance. However, because of the challenges in finding an accurate metric that can guide the optimization process, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Souvik Kundu , Shikai Wang , Qirui Sun , Peter A. Beerel , Massoud Pedram

As the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) poses significant challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices, there is growing interest in extremely low-bit quantization, such as 2-bit. Although prior works have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jung Hyun Lee , Seungjae Shin , Vinnam Kim , Jaeseong You , An Chen

Diffusion models achieve high-quality image generation but face deployment challenges due to their high computational requirements. Although 8-bit outlier-aware post-training quantization (PTQ) matches full-precision performance, extending…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Donghoon Kim , Dongyoung Lee , Ik Joon Chang , Sung-Ho Bae

Large-scale convolutional neural networks (CNNs) suffer from very long training times, spanning from hours to weeks, limiting the productivity and experimentation of deep learning practitioners. As networks grow in size and complexity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Aditya Rajagopal , Diederik Adriaan Vink , Stylianos I. Venieris , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are essential in computer vision but are computationally intensive, too. Model quantization, particularly to low bit-widths like 4-bit, aims to alleviate this difficulty, yet existing Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Guang Liang , Xinyao Liu , Jianxin Wu

Mixed-precision quantization is a promising approach for compressing large language models under tight memory budgets. However, existing mixed-precision methods typically suffer from one of two limitations: they either rely on expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Haicheng Zhang , Liang Dong , Beining Feng , Jinhong Weng , Guiling Sun

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

We explore the industrial and scientific applicability of the VQE-LSTM framework by integrating meta-learning with GPU accelerated quantum simulation using NVIDIA's CUDA-Q (CUDAQ) platform. This work demonstrates how an LSTM-FC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Yun-Hsuan Chen , Jen-Yu Chang , Tsung-Wei Huang , En-Jui Kuo

This study presents a comprehensive multi-level analysis of the NVIDIA Hopper GPU architecture, focusing on its performance characteristics and novel features. We benchmark Hopper's memory subsystem, highlighting improvements in the L2…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Weile Luo , Ruibo Fan , Zeyu Li , Dayou Du , Hongyuan Liu , Qiang Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Methods based on weight compensation, which iteratively apply quantization and weight compensation to minimize the output error, have recently demonstrated remarkable success in quantizing Large Language Models (LLMs). The representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Shuaiting Li , Juncan Deng , Kedong Xu , Rongtao Deng , Hong Gu , Minghan Jiang , Haibin Shen , Kejie Huang

KV-cache memory is a major bottleneck in real-world LLM serving, where systems must simultaneously support latency-sensitive small-batch requests and high-throughput concurrent workloads. Although many KV-cache compression methods improve…

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has heightened the importance of post-training quantization (PTQ) for reducing memory and computation costs. Among PTQ methods, GPTQ has gained significant attention for its efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junhan Kim , Yeo Jeong Park , Seungwoo Son , Chungman Lee , Ho-young Kim , Joonyoung Kim , Yongkweon Jeon

The rapidly increasing size of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges in memory usage and computational costs. Quantizing both weights and activations can address these issues, with hardware-supported fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonsuk Jang , Thierry Tambe

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, the latency of inference and the large GPU memory consumption of LLMs restrict their deployment performance. Recently, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yi Zhang , Fei Yang , Shuang Peng , Fangyu Wang , Aimin Pan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled a variety of real-world applications. The large parameter size of VLMs brings large memory and computation overhead which poses significant challenges for deployment. Post-Training Quantization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shiyao Li , Yingchun Hu , Xuefei Ning , Xihui Liu , Ke Hong , Xiaotao Jia , Xiuhong Li , Yaqi Yan , Pei Ran , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Compressing large language models (LLMs) for deployment on commodity GPUs remains challenging: conventional scalar quantization is limited to fixed bit-widths (e.g., 8/4/3-bit), offers only a few discrete compression points, and typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ye Qiao , Yian Wang , Zhiheng Chen , Hyoukjun Kwon , Sitao Huang