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Related papers: Non-Collaborative User Simulators for Tool Agents

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Couples therapy requires managing complex, evolving emotional dynamics between partners, but traditional training methods for therapists, like role-play, lack realism, consistency, and control. We present a multi-modal simulation that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Canwen Wang , Angela Chen , Catherine Bao , Siwei Jin , Holly Swartz , Tongshuang Wu , Robert E Kraut , Haiyi Zhu

Despite widespread interests in reinforcement-learning for task-oriented dialogue systems, several obstacles can frustrate research and development progress. First, reinforcement learners typically require interaction with the environment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Xiujun Li , Zachary C. Lipton , Bhuwan Dhingra , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yun-Nung Chen

Designing and evaluating personalized and proactive assistant agents remains challenging due to the time, cost, and ethical concerns associated with human-in-the-loop experimentation. Existing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ziyi Xuan , Yiwen Wu , Xuhai Xu , Vinod Namboodiri , Mooi Choo Chuah , Yu Yang

One of the difficulties in training dialogue systems is the lack of training data. We explore the possibility of creating dialogue data through the interaction between a dialogue system and a user simulator. Our goal is to develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Bo-Hsiang Tseng , Yinpei Dai , Florian Kreyssig , Bill Byrne

The performance of a task-completion dialogue agent usually affects the user experience: when the conversation system yields an unreasonable response, users may feel dissatisfied. Besides, early termination often occurs in disappointing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Rui Zhang , Kai Yin , Li Li

Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems are drawing more and more attention in recent studies. Current methods focus on constructing pre-trained models or fine-tuning strategies while the evaluation of TOD is limited by a policy mismatch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Qinyuan Cheng , Linyang Li , Guofeng Quan , Feng Gao , Xiaofeng Mou , Xipeng Qiu

This paper proposes a neural network-based user simulator that can provide a multimodal interactive environment for training Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents in collaborative tasks involving multiple modes of communication. The simulator…

This paper introduces a multi-agent application system designed to enhance office collaboration efficiency and work quality. The system integrates artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing technologies,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Songtao Sun , Jingyi Li , Yuanfei Dong , Haoguang Liu , Chenxin Xu , Fuyang Li , Qiang Liu

As NLP evaluation shifts from static benchmarks to multi-turn interactive settings, LLM-based simulators have become widely used as user proxies, serving two roles: generating user turns and providing evaluation signals. Yet, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xuhui Zhou , Weiwei Sun , Qianou Ma , Yiqing Xie , Jiarui Liu , Weihua Du , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

Multiagent social network simulations are an avenue that can bridge the communication gap between the public and private platforms in order to develop solutions to a complex array of issues relating to online safety. While there are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Aditya Surve , Archit Rathod , Mokshit Surana , Gautam Malpani , Aneesh Shamraj , Sainath Reddy Sankepally , Raghav Jain , Swapneel S Mehta

While the advancement of large language models has spurred the development of AI agents to automate tasks, numerous use cases inherently require agents to collaborate with humans due to humans' latent preferences, domain expertise, or the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yijia Shao , Vinay Samuel , Yucheng Jiang , John Yang , Diyi Yang

We investigate non-collaborative dialogue agents, which are expected to engage in strategic conversations with diverse users, for securing a mutual agreement that leans favorably towards the system's objectives. This poses two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tong Zhang , Chen Huang , Yang Deng , Hongru Liang , Jia Liu , Zujie Wen , Wenqiang Lei , Tat-Seng Chua

How do people use their faces and bodies to test the interactive abilities of a robot? Making lively, believable agents is often seen as a goal for robots and virtual agents but believability can easily break down. In this Wizard-of-Oz…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Chuxuan Zhang , Bermet Burkanova , Lawrence H. Kim , Lauren Yip , Ugo Cupcic , Stéphane Lallée , Angelica Lim

Existing benchmarks that assess Language Models (LMs) as Language Agents (LAs) for tool use primarily focus on stateless, single-turn interactions or partial evaluations, such as tool selection in a single turn, overlooking the inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hongru Wang , Wenyu Huang , Yufei Wang , Yuanhao Xi , Jianqiao Lu , Huan Zhang , Nan Hu , Zeming Liu , Jeff Z. Pan , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly been utilized in social simulations, where they are often guided by carefully crafted instructions to stably exhibit human-like behaviors during simulations. Nevertheless, we doubt the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Shuyuan Zheng , Qianying Liu , Xu Han , Brian Inhyuk Kwon , Makoto Onizuka , Shaojie Tang , Chuan Xiao

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

There is a growing demand for agentic AI technologies for a range of downstream applications like customer service and personal assistants. For applications where the agent needs to interact with a person, real-time low-latency…

Many studies have applied reinforcement learning to train a dialog policy and show great promise these years. One common approach is to employ a user simulator to obtain a large number of simulated user experiences for reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Ryuichi Takanobu , Runze Liang , Minlie Huang

User simulation is a promising approach for automatically training and evaluating conversational information access agents, enabling the generation of synthetic dialogues and facilitating reproducible experiments at scale. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with a wide variety of people, including users who are unclear, impatient, or reluctant to share information. However, collecting real interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Harshita Chopra , Kshitish Ghate , Aylin Caliskan , Tadayoshi Kohno , Chirag Shah , Natasha Jaques
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