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Diffusion models without guidance generate very unrealistic samples. Guidance is used ubiquitously, and previous research has attributed its effect to low-temperature sampling that improves quality by trading off diversity. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shanchuan Lin , Xiao Yang

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable results in image generation, and have similarly been used to learn high-performing policies in sequential decision-making tasks. Decision-making diffusion models can be trained on lower-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Felipe Nuti , Tim Franzmeyer , João F. Henriques

We investigate the approximation efficiency of score functions by deep neural networks in diffusion-based generative modeling. While existing approximation theories utilize the smoothness of score functions, they suffer from the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Song Mei , Yuchen Wu

Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process, guided by a neural network. While training the denoiser on real-world data is computationally demanding, the sampling procedure itself is more flexible. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Constant Bourdrez , Alexandre Vérine , Olivier Cappé

Diffusion models have been successfully adapted to text generation tasks by mapping the discrete text into the continuous space. However, there exist nonnegligible gaps between training and inference, owing to the absence of the forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zecheng Tang , Pinzheng Wang , Keyan Zhou , Juntao Li , Ziqiang Cao , Min Zhang

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) offer a flexible framework for sampling from high dimensional data distributions. DDMs generate a path of probability distributions interpolating between a reference Gaussian distribution and a data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Christopher Williams , Andrew Campbell , Arnaud Doucet , Saifuddin Syed

We present a concise derivation for several influential score-based diffusion models that relies on only a few textbook results. Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful tools for generating realistic, synthetic signals --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

Inverse problems aim to determine parameters from observations, a crucial task in engineering and science. Lately, generative models, especially diffusion models, have gained popularity in this area for their ability to produce realistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Gabriel della Maggiora , Luis Alberto Croquevielle , Nikita Deshpande , Harry Horsley , Thomas Heinis , Artur Yakimovich

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

Generative models such as diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in state-of-the-art image and text tasks. Recently, score-based diffusion models have extended their success beyond image generation, showing competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jia Jun Cheng Xian , Sadegh Mahdavi , Renjie Liao , Oliver Schulte

In this work, we propose a novel framework for estimating the dimension of the data manifold using a trained diffusion model. A diffusion model approximates the score function i.e. the gradient of the log density of a noise-corrupted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Jan Stanczuk , Georgios Batzolis , Teo Deveney , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art tools for various generative tasks. Yet training these models involves estimating high-dimensional score functions, which in principle suffers from the curse of dimensionality. It is therefore important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Georg A. Gottwald , Shuigen Liu , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Xin T. Tong

Score-based diffusion models synthesize samples by reversing a stochastic process that diffuses data to noise, and are trained by minimizing a weighted combination of score matching losses. The log-likelihood of score-based diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-22 Yang Song , Conor Durkan , Iain Murray , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion models have attained prominence for their ability to synthesize a probability distribution for a given dataset via a diffusion process, enabling the generation of new data points with high fidelity. However, diffusion processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shervin Khalafi , Dongsheng Ding , Alejandro Ribeiro

Diffusion models are a class of probabilistic generative models that have been widely used as a prior for image processing tasks like text conditional generation and inpainting. We demonstrate that these models can be adapted to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Marc Finzi , Anudhyan Boral , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Fei Sha , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez

Diffusion models excel at capturing complex data distributions, such as those of natural images and proteins. While diffusion models are trained to represent the distribution in the training dataset, we often are more concerned with other…

Diffusion models have emerged as the principal paradigm for generative modeling across various domains. During training, they learn the score function, which in turn is used to generate samples at inference. They raise a basic yet unsolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kiwhan Song , Jaeyeon Kim , Sitan Chen , Yilun Du , Sham Kakade , Vincent Sitzmann

We present a method to estimate dense depth by optimizing a sparse set of points such that their diffusion into a depth map minimizes a multi-view reprojection error from RGB supervision. We optimize point positions, depths, and weights…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Numair Khan , Min H. Kim , James Tompkin

Image classification is a well-studied task in computer vision, and yet it remains challenging under high-uncertainty conditions, such as when input images are corrupted or training data are limited. Conventional classification approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Omer Belhasin , Shelly Golan , Ran El-Yaniv , Michael Elad

Conditional diffusion models serve as the foundation of modern image synthesis and find extensive application in fields like computational biology and reinforcement learning. In these applications, conditional diffusion models incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hengyu Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen