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We show that the phenomenology of isospin effects on heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies (few AGeV range) is extremely rich and can allow a ``direct'' study of the covariant structure of the isovector interaction in the hadron…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Di Toro , M. Colonna , G. Ferini , T. Gaitanos , V. Greco , H. H. Wolter

In collisions between heavy nuclei, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, hydrodynamic models have successfully related measured azimuthal momentum anisotropies to the transverse shape of the collision region. For an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-25 Christian Bierlich , Peter Christiansen , Gösta Gustafson , Leif Lönnblad , Robin Törnkvist , Korinna Zapp

How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-05-18 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

Heavy-flavour hadrons, containing at least one charm or beauty quark, are excellent probes of the deconfined medium created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, known as quark-gluon plasma. Results in smaller collision systems, such…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-11-19 Fiorella Fionda

Based on the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model plus the Skyrme force parameters, initialization effect is studied in heavy-ion collision at intermediate energies. We find that there are moderate initialization…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-09-22 Gao-Chan Yong , Yuan Gao , Wei Zuo , Xun-Chao Zhang

In this paper we conduct a systematic study of the granularity of the initial state of hot and dense QCD matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its influence on bulk observables like particle yields, $m_T$ spectra…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-03-18 Hannah Petersen , Christopher Coleman-Smith , Steffen A. Bass , Robert Wolpert

This work studies the production of direct photons in relativistic nuclear collisions, along with the production of hadrons. Radiation from the very first instants to the final moments of the evolution is included. The hybrid model used…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-02-01 Charles Gale , Jean-François Paquet , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

Purported signatures of collective dynamics in small systems like proton-proton (pp) or proton-nucleus (p-A) collisions still lack unambiguous understanding. Despite the qualitative and/or quantitative agreement of the data to hydrodynamic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-07 Somnath Kar , Subikash Choudhury , Xiaoming Zhang , Daicui Zhou

Initial-state and final-state interactions, which are conventionally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions. These effects, which arise from gluon exchange between the active and spectator…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Stanley J. Brodsky

Exploiting the first measurements of the same ion species in OO collisons at RHIC and LHC, we propose an observable to distinguish whether collective behavior builds up through a hydrodynamic expansion of a strongly interacting QGP or few…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

Using a multiphase transport model that includes both initial partonic and final hadronic scatterings, we have studied higher-order anisotropic flows as well as dihadron correlations as functions of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angular…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-10-20 Jun Xu , Che Ming Ko

We study proton-(anti)proton collisions at the LHC or Tevatron in the presence of experimental restrictions on the hadronic final state and for generic parton momentum fractions. At the scale Q of the hard interaction, factorization does…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Iain W. Stewart , Frank J. Tackmann , Wouter J. Waalewijn

For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics$-$($v_{n}^{k},v_{m}^{l}$) and ($v_{n}^{k},v_{m}^{l}, v_{p}^{q}$), with $k$, $l$, and $q$ denoting the respective orders$-$are measured in xenon-xenon…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-04-09 CMS Collaboration

Anisotropies in the final state of heavy-ion collisions carry information on the creation, expansion and evolution of the quark-gluon plasma. Currently, there is an abundance of studies on azimuthal anisotropies in comparison to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-08-23 Meera Machado

We briefly review advances in understanding the initial stages of a heavy ion collision. In particular the focus is on moving from parametrizing the initial state to calculating its properties from QCD, consistently with the description of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-16 T. Lappi

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the squared anisotropic flow, $v^{2}_{n}$, on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-05-14 The STAR Collaboration

The azimuthal anisotropy of prompt D$^\pm_\mathrm{s}$ mesons produced in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is measured using data obtained with the CMS detector. The dataset corresponds to an…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-02-17 CMS Collaboration

Measurements of the second Fourier harmonic coefficient ($v_2$) of the azimuthal distributions of prompt and nonprompt D$^0$ mesons produced in pp and pPb collisions are presented. Nonprompt D$^0$ mesons come from beauty hadron decays. The…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-01-07 CMS Collaboration

We study charm production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The initial charm quarks are produced by the PYTHIA event generator tuned to fit the transverse…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 E. L. Bratkovskaya , T. Song , H. Berrehrah , D. Cabrera , J. M. Torres-Rincon , L. Tolos , W. Cassing

Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 Maria Colonna