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Large language models (LLMs) trained for step-by-step reasoning often become excessively verbose, raising inference cost. Standard Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) pipelines filter out ``easy'' problems for training…
Popular Transformer networks have been successfully applied to remote sensing (RS) image change detection (CD) identifications and achieve better results than most convolutional neural networks (CNNs), but they still suffer from two main…
A locally recoverable code of locality $r$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ is a code where every coordinate of a codeword can be recovered using the values of at most $r$ other coordinates of that codeword. Locally recoverable codes are efficient at…
We consider the inverse-folding problem for RNA secondary structures: for a given (pseudo-knot-free) secondary structure find a sequence that has that structure as its ground state. If such a sequence exists, the structure is called…
This paper is concerned with a class of low density generator matrix codes (LDGM), called repetition and superposition (RaS) codes, which have been proved to be capacity-achieving over binary-input output-symmetric (BIOS) channels in terms…
Functional or non-coding RNAs are attracting more attention as they are now potentially considered valuable resources in the development of new drugs intended to cure several human diseases. The identification of drugs targeting the…
Effective and reliable data retrieval is critical for the feasibility of DNA storage, and the development of random access efficiency plays a key role in its practicality and reliability. In this paper, we study the Random Access Problem,…
Code vulnerability detection (CVD) is essential for addressing and preventing system security issues, playing a crucial role in ensuring software security. Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods rely on either fine-tuning…
This paper introduces a new family of reconstruction codes which is motivated by applications in DNA data storage and sequencing. In such applications, DNA strands are sequenced by reading some subset of their substrings. While previous…
Several local ($z\lesssim 0.2$) metal-poor dwarf AGNs have remarkably similar properties to those of high-redshift Little Red Dots (LRDs), and are recently proposed to be local analogs of LRDs. We use long-term photometric and spectroscopic…
A rich line of work has been addressing the computational complexity of locally checkable labelings (LCLs), illustrating the landscape of possible complexities. In this paper, we study the landscape of LCL complexities under bandwidth…
In recent years, polar codes have been considered for communication systems that require high re-liability and ultra-low latency, such as sixth generation (6G) wireless communications. This paper presents simulation results showing that…
The physical nature of Little Red Dots (LRDs) - a population of compact, red galaxies revealed by JWST - remains unclear. Photometric samples are constructed from varying selection criteria with limited spectroscopic follow-up available to…
Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is a fundamental algorithmic problem that appears in many areas of Computer Science. It can be equivalently stated as computing a homomorphism $\mbox{$\bR \rightarrow \bGamma$}$ between two relational…
Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) remain both helpful and harmless poses a significant challenge: fine-tuning on repetitive safety datasets, where unsafe prompts are paired with standard refusal templates, often leads to false…
The origin of arcmin-sized Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) found in modern all-sky radio surveys remain uncertain, with explanations ranging from starburst/AGN-driven shocks to supernova remnants (SNRs) in the low-density ambient medium. Using…
This short paper explores density evolution (DE) for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes at signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) that are significantly above the decoding threshold. The focus is on the additive white Gaussian noise channel and…
Intrinsic variability was searched for in arrival times of six gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at high energies -- between 30 MeV and 2 GeV -- detected by the Fermi satellite's Large Area Telescope (LAT). The GRBs were selected from the Fermi LAT…
Locally repairable codes (LRCs) are ingeniously designed distributed storage codes with a (usually small) fixed set of helper nodes participating in repair. Since most existing LRCs assume exact repair and allow full exchange of the stored…
Single-nucleotide-resolution chemical mapping for structured RNA is being rapidly advanced by new chemistries, faster readouts, and coupling to computational algorithms. Recent tests have shown that selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation by primer…