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Recently many first and second order variants of SGD have been proposed to facilitate training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). A common limitation of these works stem from the fact that they use the same learning rate across all instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Shreyas Saxena , Nidhi Vyas , Dennis DeCoste

The learning rate is one of the most important hyper-parameters for model training and generalization. However, current hand-designed parametric learning rate schedules offer limited flexibility and the predefined schedule may not match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhen Xu , Andrew M. Dai , Jonas Kemp , Luke Metz

Setting the learning rate (LR) for a deep learning model is a critical part of successful training. Choosing LRs is often done empirically with trial and error. In this work, we explore a solvable model of optimal LR schedules for a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-11 Blake Bordelon , Francesco Mori

Training neural networks can be challenging, especially as the complexity of the problem increases. Despite using wider or deeper networks, training them can be a tedious process, especially if a wrong choice of the hyperparameter is made.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 D. Veerababu , Ashwin A. Raikar , Prasanta K. Ghosh

The learning rate (LR) is one of the most important hyper-parameters in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm for training deep neural networks (DNN). However, current hand-designed LR schedules need to manually pre-specify a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Jun Shu , Yanwen Zhu , Qian Zhao , Zongben Xu , Deyu Meng

Learning rate schedule has a major impact on the performance of deep learning models. Still, the choice of a schedule is often heuristical. We aim to develop a precise understanding of the effects of different learning rate schedules and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Guillaume Leclerc , Aleksander Madry

Distributed cloud environments hosting data-intensive applications often experience slowdowns due to network congestion, asymmetric bandwidth, and inter-node data shuffling. These factors are typically not captured by traditional host-level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sankalpa Timilsina , Susmit Shannigrahi

Training neural networks on image datasets generally require extensive experimentation to find the optimal learning rate regime. Especially, for the cases of adversarial training or for training a newly synthesized model, one would not know…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Koyel Mukherjee , Alind Khare , Ashish Verma

Learning rate schedules used in practice bear little resemblance to those recommended by theory. We close much of this theory/practice gap, and as a consequence are able to derive new problem-adaptive learning rate schedules. Our main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Aaron Defazio , Ashok Cutkosky , Harsh Mehta , Konstantin Mishchenko

One very important hyperparameter for training deep neural networks is the learning rate schedule of the optimizer. The choice of learning rate schedule determines the computational cost of getting close to a minima, how close you actually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Nikhil Iyer , V Thejas , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee , Muthian Sivathanu

Training deep neural networks is a highly nontrivial task, involving carefully selecting appropriate training algorithms, scheduling step sizes and tuning other hyperparameters. Trying different combinations can be quite labor-intensive and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Kaifeng Lv , Shunhua Jiang , Jian Li

Learning rate schedules are ubiquitously used to speed up and improve optimisation. Many different policies have been introduced on an empirical basis, and theoretical analyses have been developed for convex settings. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Stéphane d'Ascoli , Maria Refinetti , Giulio Biroli

Large-batch training has been essential in leveraging large-scale datasets and models in deep learning. While it is computationally beneficial to use large batch sizes, it often requires a specially designed learning rate (LR) schedule to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Chiheon Kim , Saehoon Kim , Jongmin Kim , Donghoon Lee , Sungwoong Kim

Proper optimization of deep neural networks is an open research question since an optimal procedure to change the learning rate throughout training is still unknown. Manually defining a learning rate schedule involves troublesome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 David Macêdo , Pedro Dreyer , Teresa Ludermir , Cleber Zanchettin

We show that learning-rate schedules for large model training behave surprisingly similar to a performance bound from non-smooth convex optimization theory. We provide a bound for the constant schedule with linear cooldown; in particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Fabian Schaipp , Alexander Hägele , Adrien Taylor , Umut Simsekli , Francis Bach

Learning rate is one of the most important hyper-parameters that has a significant influence on neural network training. Learning rate schedules are widely used in real practice to adjust the learning rate according to pre-defined schedules…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Hengyu Liu , Qiang Fu , Lun Du , Tiancheng Zhang , Ge Yu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

A continual learning (CL) algorithm learns from a non-stationary data stream. The non-stationarity is modeled by some schedule that determines how data is presented over time. Most current methods make strong assumptions on the schedule and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ruohan Wang , Marco Ciccone , Giulia Luise , Andrew Yapp , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

A basic unanswered question in neural network training is: what is the best learning rate schedule shape for a given workload? The choice of learning rate schedule is a key factor in the success or failure of the training process, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hiroki Naganuma , Atish Agarwala , Priya Kasimbeg , George E. Dahl

Understanding the learning dynamics of neural networks is one of the key issues for the improvement of optimization algorithms as well as for the theoretical comprehension of why deep neural nets work so well today. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-18 Zhenyu Liao , Romain Couillet

Adversarial nets have proved to be powerful in various domains including generative modeling (GANs), transfer learning, and fairness. However, successfully training adversarial nets using first-order methods remains a major challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Hussein Hazimeh , Natalia Ponomareva
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