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We introduce online learning with vector costs (\OLVCp) where in each time step $t \in \{1,\ldots, T\}$, we need to play an action $i \in \{1,\ldots,n\}$ that incurs an unknown vector cost in $[0,1]^{d}$. The goal of the online algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Thomas Kesselheim , Sahil Singla

Online learning algorithms are widely used in strategic multi-agent settings, including repeated auctions, contract design, and pricing competitions, where agents adapt their strategies over time. A key question in such environments is how…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Angelos Assos , Yuval Dagan , Nived Rajaraman

In this paper, a unified framework for exploration in reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed based on an option-critic model. The proposed framework learns to integrate a set of diverse exploration strategies so that the agent can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Woojun Kim , Jeonghye Kim , Youngchul Sung

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is structured to derive policies from static trajectory data without requiring real-time environment interactions. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of framing offline RL as a sequence modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Abdelghani Ghanem , Philippe Ciblat , Mounir Ghogho

In e-commerce platforms such as Amazon and TaoBao, ranking items in a search session is a typical multi-step decision-making problem. Learning to rank (LTR) methods have been widely applied to ranking problems. However, such methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Yujing Hu , Qing Da , Anxiang Zeng , Yang Yu , Yinghui Xu

Current AI/ML methods for data-driven engineering use models that are mostly trained offline. Such models can be expensive to build in terms of communication and computing cost, and they rely on data that is collected over extended periods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Xiaoxuan Wang , Rolf Stadler

Progress in offline reinforcement learning (RL) has been impeded by ambiguous problem definitions and entangled algorithmic designs, resulting in inconsistent implementations, insufficient ablations, and unfair evaluations. Although offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Matthew Thomas Jackson , Uljad Berdica , Jarek Liesen , Shimon Whiteson , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Learning to rank with biased click data is a well-known challenge. A variety of methods has been explored to debias click data for learning to rank such as click models, result interleaving and, more recently, the unbiased learning-to-rank…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Qingyao Ai , Keping Bi , Cheng Luo , Jiafeng Guo , W. Bruce Croft

To understand the security threats to reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, this paper studies poisoning attacks to manipulate \emph{any} order-optimal learning algorithm towards a targeted policy in episodic RL and examines the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Anshuka Rangi , Haifeng Xu , Long Tran-Thanh , Massimo Franceschetti

In this paper, we study oracle-efficient algorithms for beyond worst-case analysis of online learning. We focus on two settings. First, the smoothed analysis setting of [RST11,HRS22] where an adversary is constrained to generating samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Nika Haghtalab , Yanjun Han , Abhishek Shetty , Kunhe Yang

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables policy optimization from static datasets but is inherently vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing attack strategies typically struggle against safety-constrained algorithms (e.g., CQL) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yuanjie Zhao , Junnan Qiu , Yue Ding , Jie Li

Click-through prediction (CTR) models transform features into latent vectors and enumerate possible feature interactions to improve performance based on the input feature set. Therefore, when selecting an optimal feature set, we should…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Fuyuan Lyu , Xing Tang , Dugang Liu , Liang Chen , Xiuqiang He , Xue Liu

Motivated by the EU's "Right To Be Forgotten" regulation, we initiate a study of statistical data deletion problems where users' data are accessible only for a limited period of time. This setting is formulated as an online supervised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-30 Yuantong Li , Chi-hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Data protection legislation like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes the \textit{right to be forgotten}: a user (client) can request contributions made using their data to be removed from learned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Shuyi Wang , Bing Liu , Guido Zuccon

Large-scale supervised data is essential for training modern ranking models, but obtaining high-quality human annotations is costly. Click data has been widely used as a low-cost alternative, and with recent advances in large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lulu Yu , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

We propose a data augmentation method for offline reinforcement learning, motivated by active positioning problems. Particularly, our approach enables the training of off-policy models from a limited number of suboptimal trajectories. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tobias Schmähling , Matthias Burkhardt , Tobias Windisch

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

With the rapid growth of user historical behavior data, user interest modeling has become a prominent aspect in Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, focusing on learning user intent representations. However, this complexity poses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Xin Song , Xiaochen Li , Jinxin Hu , Hong Wen , Zulong Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as rerankers in information retrieval, yet their ranking behavior can be steered by small, natural-sounding prompts. To expose this vulnerability, we present Rank Anything First (RAF), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tiancheng Xing , Jerry Li , Yixuan Du , Xiyang Hu

The learning-to-rank problem aims at ranking items to maximize exposure of those most relevant to a user query. A desirable property of such ranking systems is to guarantee some notion of fairness among specified item groups. While fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Ziwei Zhu