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The updated recommendations on diagnostic procedures and treatment pathways for a medical condition are documented as graphical flows in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). For effective use of the CPGs in helping medical professionals in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Bhumika Gupta , Pralaypati Ta , Keerthi Ram , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

Computed tomography (CT) and clinical numeric data are essential modalities for cancer evaluation, but building large-scale multimodal training datasets for developing medical foundation models remains challenging due to the structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Daeun Jung , Jaehyeok Jang , Sooyoung Jang , Yu Rang Park

The recent development of high-throughput sequencing creates a large collection of multi-omics data, which enables researchers to better investigate cancer molecular profiles and cancer taxonomy based on molecular subtypes. Integrating…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-25 Bingjun Li , Sheida Nabavi

Cancers are complex adaptive diseases regulated by the nonlinear feedback systems between genetic instabilities, environmental signals, cellular protein flows, and gene regulatory networks. Understanding the cybernetics of cancer requires…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-30 Abicumaran Uthamacumaran , Hector Zenil

Accurate evaluation of the response of glioblastoma to therapy is crucial for clinical decision-making and patient management. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria provide a standardized framework to assess patients'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Daniil Tikhonov , Matheus Scatolin , Mohor Banerjee , Qiankun Ji , Ahmed Jaheen , Mostafa Salem , Abdelrahman Elsayed , Hu Wang , Sarim Hashmi , Mohammad Yaqub

Oral cancer presents a formidable challenge in oncology, necessitating early diagnosis and accurate prognosis to enhance patient survival rates. Recent advancements in machine learning and data mining have revolutionized traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohammad Subhi Al-Batah , Muhyeeddin Alqaraleh , Mowafaq Salem Alzboon

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining enables precise molecular profiling of protein expression, with over 200 clinically available antibody-based tests in modern pathology. However, comprehensive IHC analysis is frequently limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Fuqiang Chen , Ranran Zhang , Wanming Hu , Deboch Eyob Abera , Yue Peng , Boyun Zheng , Yiwen Sun , Jing Cai , Wenjian Qin

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge, with personalized treatment selection complicated by the disease's molecular and clinical heterogeneity. BC treatment decisions rely on various patient-specific clinical…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-10 Md Nahid Hasan , Md Monzur Murshed , Md Mahadi Hasan , Faysal A. Chowdhury

Deep learning based analysis of histopathology images shows promise in advancing the understanding of tumor progression, tumor micro-environment, and their underpinning biological processes. So far, these approaches have focused on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-29 Adalberto Claudio Quiros , Nicolas Coudray , Anna Yeaton , Wisuwat Sunhem , Roderick Murray-Smith , Aristotelis Tsirigos , Ke Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise across various natural language processing tasks. However, their application in the field of pathology, particularly for extracting meaningful insights from unstructured medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rachit Saluja , Jacob Rosenthal , Yoav Artzi , David J. Pisapia , Benjamin L. Liechty , Mert R. Sabuncu

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and early detection remains a major clinical challenge due to the absence of specific symptoms and reliable biomarkers. In this work, we propose a new multimodal…

The parallels between protein sequences and natural language in their sequential structures have inspired the application of large language models (LLMs) to protein understanding. Despite the success of LLMs in NLP, their effectiveness in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-09 Yiqing Shen , Zan Chen , Michail Mamalakis , Luhan He , Haiyang Xia , Tianbin Li , Yanzhou Su , Junjun He , Yu Guang Wang

Multimodal learning, integrating histology images and genomics, promises to enhance precision oncology with comprehensive views at microscopic and molecular levels. However, existing methods may not sufficiently model the shared or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Huahui Yi , Xiaofei Wang , Kang Li , Chao Li

Existing domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically developed by fine-tuning general-purposed LLMs with large-scale domain-specific corpora. However, training on large-scale corpora often fails to effectively organize domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhiqiang Liu , Chengtao Gan , Junjie Wang , Yichi Zhang , Zhongpu Bo , Mengshu Sun , Huajun Chen , Wen Zhang

Accurate analysis of pathological images is essential for automated tumor diagnosis but remains challenging due to high structural similarity and subtle morphological variations in tissue images. Current vision-language (VL) models often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yating Huang , Ziyan Huang , Lintao Xiang , Qijun Yang , Hujun Yin

The aim of the systematic review was to assess recently published studies on diagnostic test accuracy of glioblastoma treatment response monitoring biomarkers in adults, developed through machine learning (ML). Articles were searched for…

The current cancer treatment practice collects multimodal data, such as radiology images, histopathology slides, genomics and clinical data. The importance of these data sources taken individually has fostered the recent raise of radiomics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Tortora , Ermanno Cordelli , Rosa Sicilia , Lorenzo Nibid , Edy Ippolito , Giuseppe Perrone , Sara Ramella , Paolo Soda

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with survival strongly dependent on early detection. Standard-dose computed tomography (CT) screening using the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS)…

Deep neural-network-based language models (LMs) are increasingly applied to large-scale protein sequence data to predict protein function. However, being largely black-box models and thus challenging to interpret, current protein LM…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-06 Mai Ha Vu , Rahmad Akbar , Philippe A. Robert , Bartlomiej Swiatczak , Victor Greiff , Geir Kjetil Sandve , Dag Trygve Truslew Haug

Designing modern oncology trials requires synthesizing evidence from prior studies to inform hypothesis generation and sample size determination. Trial designs based on incomplete or imprecise summaries can lead to misspecified hypotheses…