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Predicting cancer treatment outcomes requires models that are both accurate and interpretable, particularly in the presence of heterogeneous clinical data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in biomedical NLP,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Raghu Vamshi Hemadri , Geetha Krishna Guruju , Kristi Topollai , Anna Ewa Choromanska

Pathology reports serve as the definitive record for breast cancer staging, yet their unstructured format impedes large-scale data curation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer semantic reasoning, their deployment is often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiahao Shao , Anam Nawaz Khan , Christopher Brett , Tom Berg , Xueping Li , Bing Yao

The integration of heterogeneous multi-omics datasets at a systems level remains a central challenge for developing analytical and computational models in precision cancer diagnostics. This paper introduces Multi-Omics Graph…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold promise for integrating diverse data modalities, but current medical adaptations such as LLaVA-Med often fail to fully exploit the synergy between color fundus photography (CFP) and optical…

With the development of artificial intelligence, its contribution to science is evolving from simulating a complex problem to automating entire research processes and producing novel discoveries. Achieving this advancement requires both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Ning Ding , Shang Qu , Linhai Xie , Yifei Li , Zaoqu Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Yibai Xiong , Yuxin Zuo , Zhangren Chen , Ermo Hua , Xingtai Lv , Youbang Sun , Yang Li , Dong Li , Fuchu He , Bowen Zhou

The concept of personalised medicine in cancer therapy is becoming increasingly important. There already exist drugs administered specifically for patients with tumours presenting well-defined mutations. However, the field is still in its…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-26 Abbi Abdel-Rehim , Oghenejokpeme Orhobor , Gareth Griffiths , Larisa Soldatova , Ross D. King

Breast cancer's complexity and variability pose significant challenges in understanding its progression and guiding effective treatment. This study aims to integrate protein sequence data with expression levels to improve the molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-31 Hossein Sholehrasa , Majid Jaberi-Douraki

Prediction tasks in digital pathology are challenging due to the massive size of whole-slide images (WSIs) and the weak nature of training signals. Advances in computing, data availability, and self-supervised learning (SSL) have paved the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Vishwesh Ramanathan , Tony Xu , Pushpak Pati , Faruk Ahmed , Maged Goubran , Anne L. Martel

Accurate tumor staging in lung cancer is crucial for prognosis and treatment planning and is governed by explicit anatomical criteria under fixed guidelines. However, most existing deep learning approaches treat this spatially structured…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Saniah Kayenat Chowdhury , Rusab Sarmun , Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury , Sohaib Bassam Zoghoul , Israa Al-Hashimi , Adam Mushtak , Amith Khandakar

Multimodal machine learning integrating histopathology and molecular data shows promise for cancer prognostication. We systematically reviewed studies combining whole slide images (WSIs) and high-throughput omics to predict overall…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-30 Charlotte Jennings , Andrew Broad , Lucy Godson , Emily Clarke , David Westhead , Darren Treanor

The emergence of pathology foundation models has revolutionized computational histopathology, enabling highly accurate, generalized whole-slide image analysis for improved cancer diagnosis, and prognosis assessment. While these models show…

Histopathological images are widely used for the analysis of diseased (tumor) tissues and patient treatment selection. While the majority of microscopy image processing was previously done manually by pathologists, recent advances in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-12 Andrey Ignatov , Josephine Yates , Valentina Boeva

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a red-hot field that brings novel discoveries and exciting opportunities to resolve, speed up, or refine the analysis of a wide range of computational problems. In the realm of biomedical research and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mandeep Kaur Saggi , Amandeep Singh Bhatia , Mensah Isaiah , Humaira Gowher , Sabre Kais

The rapidly emerging field of deep learning-based computational pathology has demonstrated promise in developing objective prognostic models from histology whole slide images. However, most prognostic models are either based on histology or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Richard J. Chen , Ming Y. Lu , Drew F. K. Williamson , Tiffany Y. Chen , Jana Lipkova , Muhammad Shaban , Maha Shady , Mane Williams , Bumjin Joo , Zahra Noor , Faisal Mahmood

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy where deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis and prognosis can enhance clinical assessments.However, existing publicly available OSCC datasets often suffer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Jinquan Guan , Junhong Guo , Qi Chen , Jian Chen , Yongkang Cai , Yilin He , Zhiquan Huang , Yan Wang , Yutong Xie

Although DNA foundation models have advanced the understanding of genomes, they still face significant challenges in the limited scale and diversity of genomic data. This limitation starkly contrasts with the success of natural language…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-14 Huixin Zhan , Ying Nian Wu , Zijun Zhang

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled the extraction of multiple features that depict patient samples at diverse and complementary molecular levels. The generation of such data has led to new challenges in…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-14 Hakim Benkirane , Yoann Pradat , Stefan Michiels , Paul-Henry Cournède

Background: The radiation oncology clinical practice involves many steps relying on the dynamic interplay of abundant text data. Large language models have displayed remarkable capabilities in processing complex text information. But their…

Matching cancer patients to clinical trials is essential for advancing treatment and patient care. However, the inconsistent format of medical free text documents and complex trial eligibility criteria make this process extremely…

Accurate prediction of treatment outcomes in lung cancer remains challenging due to the sparsity, heterogeneity, and contextual overload of real-world electronic health data. Traditional models often fail to capture semantic information…